Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: How Have Histologic Diagnoses Changed in the Last Half-Century and What Are the Prognostic Implications?

Cipriani, Nicole A.; Nagar, Sapna; Kaplan, Sharone P.; White, Michael G.; Antic, Tatjana; Sadow, Peter M.; Aschebrook‐Kilfoy, Briseis; Angelos, Peter; Kaplan, Edwin L.; Grogan, Raymon H.

doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0297

Cited by 69 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…In addition, transcripts, which were altered in both oncocytic and non-oncocytic subgroups, exhibited consistently higher fold-changes in the oncocytic group versus non-oncocytic counterparts (compare subgroups 4–6 to 2–3 in Table 1 and subgroups 3 and 2 at Table 2). These data further support the hypothesis that oncocytic and non-oncocytic variants of human thyroid carcinomas might bear distinct molecular pattern [36]. Additionally, FTC with vascular invasion exhibited more pronounced changes of molecular markers, if compared to their counterparts without vascular invasion (Table 1), further suggesting that vascular invasion represents a hallmark of malignancy, accompanied by dramatic changes in the molecular pattern [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Identification of CHEK1, SLC26A4, c-KIT, TPO and TG as new biomarkers for human follicular thyroid carcinoma

et al. 2016

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The search for preoperative biomarkers for thyroid malignancies, in particular for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) diagnostics, is of utmost clinical importance. We thus aimed at screening for potential biomarker candidates for FTC. To evaluate dynamic alterations in molecular patterns as a function of thyroid malignancy progression, a comparative analysis was conducted in clinically distinct subgroups of FTC and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) nodules. NanoString analysis of FFPE samples was performed in 22 follicular adenomas, 56 FTC and 25 PDTC nodules, including oncocytic and non-oncocytic subgroups. The expression levels of CHEK1, c-KIT, SLC26A4, TG and TPO were significantly altered in all types of thyroid carcinomas. Based on collective changes of these biomarkers which correlating among each other, a predictive score has been established, allowing for discrimination between benign and FTC samples with high sensitivity and specificity. Additional transcripts related to thyroid function, cell cycle, circadian clock, and apoptosis regulation were altered in the more aggressive oncocytic subgroups only, with expression levels correlating with disease progression. Distinct molecular patterns were observed for oncocytic and non-oncocytic FTCs and PDTCs. A predictive score correlation coefficient based on collective alterations of identified here biomarkers might help to improve the preoperative diagnosis of FTC nodules.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Identification of CHEK1, SLC26A4, c-KIT, TPO and TG as new biomarkers for human follicular thyroid carcinoma

et al. 2016

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“…However, apart from the strict requirements for high-end and expensive devices, RTE still faces significant issues; for instance, it is nearly impossible to adequately examine multinodular goiters in order to identify follicular thyroid carcinoma [83]. The diagnostic drawbacks could be attributed to the specific soft textures of follicular carcinomas, which differ from the substantial firmness of other malignant nodules [84]. The differentiation of nodules, however, is strictly dependent on the stiffness of the tissue under compression [85].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of RTE and SWE in Differentiating Malignant Thyroid Nodules from Benign Ones: a Meta-Analysis

Tian¹,

Hao²,

Gao³

et al. 2016

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background: Approximately 10-20 million Americans have been clinically diagnosed with thyroid nodules. Shear wave elastography (SWE) and real-time elastography (RTE) are two primary forms of elastography for identifying the status of thyroid nodules. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of RTE and SWE in identifying malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: Relevant articles were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. In order to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy, we have considered pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), area under the curve (AUC) and partial AUC with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Stratified analyses by ethnicity (Caucasian, Asian), the number of malignant nodules (> 50, < 50), score system (elasticity scores: ES and strain ration: SR) and ES (> 4, < 4) were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. All statistical tests were performed using the R 3.2.1 software package. Results: We analyzed 80 trials from 71 studies with 16,624 subjects (12,348 for SWE, 4,276 for RTE). The pooled results suggested that RTE is more accurate than SWE in diagnosing malignant cases (RTE: SEN= 0.829, 95%CI = 0.799-0.855, SPE = 0.828, 95%CI = 0.789-0.862, AUC = 0.889; SWE: SEN = 0.784, 95%CI = 0.732-0.828, SPE = 0.824, 95%CI = 0.766-0.871, AUC = 0.859). No significant difference was found in the subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that RTE is superior to SWE in differentiating malignant and benign thyroid nodules. Nevertheless, more studies focusing on the diagnostic accuracy of RTE and SWE during different stages of thyroid nodules development should be carried out in the future.

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“…The histological diagnosis of FC has changed in the last few decades [5] . Figure 1 illustrates a case of HCC from our institute, reviewed by our pathologist Dr. Angus Kirby in 2016 before the submission of this manuscript.…”

Section: Updates On Diagnosis and Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…while multifocal disease, size of primary, nodal involvement, metastases, stage, microscopic residual disease, extra-glandular invasion, and degree of invasion are factors for both survival and recurrence. On follow-up, the loco-regional recurrence rates range from 3% to 50% and distant recurrence rates are 17%-27% in literature [3,5,61,62] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Hurthle cell carcinoma of thyroid

Korzeniowski

Mahmud

Kirby³

et al. 2017

Adv Mod Oncol Res

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Abstract:The clinical behaviour of Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) of the thyroid is variable and there are many controversies in the literature. Here, we summarize an up-to-date review of the literature on genetics, diagnosis (ultrasound scan, fine needle aspiration, frozen section, etc.), and management. At presentation, treatment decision should be made by a multidisciplinary board. Recurrent HCCs are seldom curable despite salvage treatments, which include radioactive iodine ablation, radiofrequency ablation, ethanol ablation, external radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. Further research is needed to develop more efficacious systemic treatments. Currently, lenvatinib, sunitinib, and sorafenib are available. The completed and ongoing clinical trials for HCC are summarized.

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Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: How Have Histologic Diagnoses Changed in the Last Half-Century and What Are the Prognostic Implications?

Cited by 69 publications

References 28 publications

Identification of CHEK1, SLC26A4, c-KIT, TPO and TG as new biomarkers for human follicular thyroid carcinoma

Identification of CHEK1, SLC26A4, c-KIT, TPO and TG as new biomarkers for human follicular thyroid carcinoma

Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of RTE and SWE in Differentiating Malignant Thyroid Nodules from Benign Ones: a Meta-Analysis

Overview of Hurthle cell carcinoma of thyroid

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