Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the larynx: apropos a rare case with review of the literature

Sahay, Ayushi; Bal, Munita; Patil, Asawari; Kane, Shubhada; Pai, Prathamesh

doi:10.5146/tjpath.2017.01408

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Morphologically, the tumor cells of FDCS range from being spindle or oval to epithelioid (10), pleomorphic or anaplastic cells (11,12), multinucleated (10), or Reed-Sternberg-like. The architectures also vary in FDCS, including the typical fascicles, whorls, and storiformed arrays, as well as angiomatoid or puzzle-like pattern (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clusterin, D2-40, CXCL13 are also positive mostly (15). However, the neoplastic FDCS cells express EMA (16,17), S-100 (17), CD68 (12), and even cytokeratin (12) occasionally, leading to a misdiagnosis toward carcinoma, miningeoma, melanoma, or spindle cell sarcoma, etc., particularly, when FDCS displays atypical morphologic features and FDC markers are not stained. Atypical epithelioid morphology of FDCS is rare, and reported in literatures mostly as individual cases (10), and usually co-exists with other classical FDCS morphology, which assists pathologists in diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma With Co-Expression of CD4 and CD30 Mimics Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Liu

Xiang

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

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Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a low-grade malignant neoplasm that tends to be under-recognized owing to its rarity and wide pathologic spectrum. Knowledge of the atypical morphology and immunophenotype of FDCS is critical to avoid misdiagnosis. Here we presented a case of extranodal FDCS with an unusual morphology and a previously unreported immunophenotype leading to misdiagnosis. A 32-years-old man presented with a tonsilar mass that showed epithelioid cells in nested and alveolar patterns. Immunohistochemistry study revealed that the tumor cells were positive for CD4 and CD30, and were negative for cytokeratin, CD3, CD20, CD68, CD163, lysozyme, ALK, S-100, and desmin. Multiple outside expert consultations rendered a consensus diagnosis of ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). The patient received multiple lines of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the residual tumor progressively enlarged eight months later and a more complex morphology was presented in the re-excised tumor: including spindle cells with vesicular nuclei and nuclear pseudoinclusions in fascicles or a whorled pattern, and plump ovoid cells arranged in meningioma-like whorls as well as epithelioid tumor cells similar to the initial biopsy. All these three components were positive for CD4, CD21, CD23, and CD35. The diagnosis was revised to FDCS after a positive immunostaining for CD21, CD23, and CD35 on the initial specimen was confirmed retrospectively. A literature review identified 57 cases of FDCS published from 2009 through 2019, and 13 (22.8%) of them were misdiagnosed at initial presentation. Among these misdiagnosed cases, all except one case were extranodal, and the incorrect initial diagnosis was mostly locationrelated. These cases expand the pathologic spectrum of FDCS, and further emphasize the necessity for pathologists to stay alert for this rare entity, bringing FDCS into the differentials for any spindle cell tumors, undifferentiated epithelioid cell tumors, and ALCL to avoid misdiagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma With Co-Expression of CD4 and CD30 Mimics Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Liu

Xiang

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

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“…L. Wu et al, 2019;Xin & Kong, 2018;Zhang et al, 2020). Other sites included axillary lymph nodes (Sahay et al, 2019), inguinal, and intraabdominal lymph nodes (Gaffney et al, 2000;Loo et al, 2001;Mohanty et al, 2018;Pang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Sites Of Fdcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In head and neck FDCS was detected in the soft palate, parotid gland, retromolar trigone, parapharyngeal space, in the nasopharynx, chest, breast, thyroid, cervical, submandibular, and tonsilar (Bao et al, 2021; Dusenbery & Watson, 1996; Dutta et al, 2018; Guiter et al, 2000; Hanfee et al, 2021; Ilonen et al, 2021; Kaur et al, 2021; Moz et al, 2004; Pyo et al, 2012; Tokyol et al, 2008; Wright et al, 1997; B. Wu et al, 2019; Y. L. Wu et al, 2019; Xin & Kong, 2018; Zhang et al, 2020). Other sites included axillary lymph nodes (Sahay et al, 2019), inguinal, and intraabdominal lymph nodes (Gaffney et al, 2000; Loo et al, 2001; Mohanty et al, 2018; Pang et al, 2016). Several extranodal sites were reported in the neck, tonsil (Bao et al, 2021; Mohanty et al, 2003; Nayler et al, 1996; Pang et al, 2016; Tokyol et al, 2008; B. Wu et al, 2019), mediastinum (Hu et al, 2016; Rademakers, 1992; Y. L. Wu et al, 2019), palate (Hu et al, 2016), spleen (Hang et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2014, 2016), pancreas (Wang et al, 2016), gastrointestinal tract (Liang et al, 2016), mesentery (Shaw et al, 2014; J. Wang et al, 2005; Xin & Kong, 2018), and urinary bladder (Chang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Fdc Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular dendritic cells

El-Aleem

Saber

Aziz

et al. 2021

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are unique accessory immune cells that contribute to the regulation of humoral immunity. They are multitasker cells essential for the organization and maintenance of the lymphoid architecture, induction of germinal center reaction, production of B memory cells, and protection from autoimmune disorders. They perform their activities through both antigen‐driven and chemical signaling to B cells. FDCs play a crucial role in the physiological regulation of the immune response. Dis‐regulation of this immune response results when FDCs retain antigens for years. This provides a constant antigenic stimulation for B cells resulting in the development of immune disorders. Antigen trapped on FDCs is resistant to therapeutic intervention causing chronicity and recurrences. Beyond their physiological immunoregulatory functions, FDCs are involved in the pathogenesis of several immune‐related disorders including HIV/AIDS, prion diseases, chronic inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. FDCs have also been recently implicated in rare neoplasms of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues. Understanding FDC biology is essential for better control of humoral immunity and opens the gate for therapeutic management of FDC‐mediated immune disorders. Thus, the biology of FDCs has become a hot research area in the last couple of decades. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of FDCs and their role in physiological and pathological conditions.

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“…FDCS, derived from hyperplastic dendritic cells, usually occurs in lymph nodes, especially in the cervical lymph node. Few cases occur in extranodal organs such as liver, spleen and soft tissue[3]. Most FDCS patients are young adults, with no notable gender differences[4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma detected in hepatogastric ligament: A case report and review of the literature

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2019

WJCC

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The most common organ where follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) occurs is in cervical lymph nodes, while few cases are found in extranodal organs such as liver, spleen, and soft tissue. This is a case report that FDCS occurs in the hepatogastric ligament. To our knowledge, there is no such case that has been reported previously. A 47-year-old male patient was found to have an intraabdominal mass during an annual physical examination. Computed tomography showed a 4.2 cm × 4.1 cm mass located at the lesser curvature of the stomach, above the pancreas. During operation, a tumor mass was found in the hepatogastric ligament and a radical resection was performed. The tumor was diagnosed as FDCS by pathology and immunohistochemical testing. The patient had a favorable recovery, and no obvious abnormality was found 3 months post-operation.

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Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the larynx: apropos a rare case with review of the literature

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma With Co-Expression of CD4 and CD30 Mimics Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma With Co-Expression of CD4 and CD30 Mimics Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Follicular dendritic cells

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma detected in hepatogastric ligament: A case report and review of the literature

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