Follicular Arrest during the Midfollicular Phase of the Menstrual Cycle: A Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Imposed Follicular-Follicular Transition*

Kettel, L. Michael; Roseff, Scott J.; Chiu, Taisan; Bangah, M. L.; Vale, Wylie; Rivier, Jean; Burger, Henry; Yen, S. S. C.

doi:10.1210/jcem-73-3-644

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These changes are consistent with an increase in length of the follicular phase and total menstrual cycle (53,54). The results of this report support our hypothesis described in the previous paragraph.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Estrogenic Effects of Pueraria mirifica on the Menstrual Cycle and Hormone-Related Ovarian Functions in Cyclic Female Cynomolgus Monkeys

et al. 2004

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Abstract. This study investigated the estrogenic effect of Pueraria mirifica (P. mirifica) on menstrual cycle length and hormone-related ovarian function. Nine normal cyclic monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were separated into 3 groups; each group was force fed with a single dose of 10, 100, and 1,000 mg of P. mirifica. The experimental schedule was separated into the pre-treatment and post-treatment periods. Blood samples were collected on days 3, 9 -14, 19, 24, 29, and every 10 days until the next menstruation for one and two menstrual cycles during two consecutive periods and assayed for serum levels of gonadotropins and ovarian hormones. The result showed a significant increase in lengths of the follicular phase and total menstrual cycle in monkeys treated with 1,000 mg of P. mirifica, but no change in menstrual cycle length in monkeys treated with 10 and 100 mg of P. mirifica. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, or immunoreactive-inhibin did not change during the first and second menstrual cycles of the post-treatment period for all monkey groups. Our findings demonstrate that although changes in hormonal levels could not be observed in this study, a single dose of 1,000 mg of P. mirifica can disturb ovarian function and menstrual cycle in monkeys.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Estrogenic Effects of Pueraria mirifica on the Menstrual Cycle and Hormone-Related Ovarian Functions in Cyclic Female Cynomolgus Monkeys

et al. 2004

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“…Subsequent to the last dose of GnRH antagonist, a new group of follicles is recruited, and inhibin B levels return to the preantagonist baseline sooner than E 2 . An inverse correlation between inhibin A levels just before GnRH antagonist administration and time to subsequent ovulation was seen across the follicular phase as previously reported for E 2 (8,40,42), suggesting that, like E 2 , inhibin A serves as an index of an increasingly gonadotropin-independent, preovulatory follicle. In contrast to both E 2 and inhibin B, inhibin A was not above the limit of detection in five of eight subjects during the MFP and was only minimally elevated in the rest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Inhibin A and Inhibin B Responses to Gonadotropin Withdrawal Depends on Stage of Follicle Development¹

Welt

Adams

Sluss

et al. 1999

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Previous studies demonstrate that inhibin A and B are differentially secreted across the menstrual cycle. To test the hypothesis that the responses of inhibin A and inhibin B to partial gonadotropin withdrawal are influenced by the stage of follicular development, a maximally suppressive dose of the Nal-Glu GnRH antagonist (150 microg/kg) was administered to normal cycling women during the midfollicular (MFP; n = 8), late follicular (LFP; n = 6), and midluteal phase (MLP; n = 5) to assess ovarian responsiveness over a broad range of developmental stages. Administration of the GnRH antagonist resulted in a significant decrease in LH (75 +/- 5%, 63 +/- 3%, and 84 +/- 7%; P < 0.05) and FSH (23 +/- 9%, 32 +/- 5%, and 39 +/- 6%; P < 0.04) during the MFP, LFP, and MLP, respectively. During the MFP, partial withdrawal of gonadotropins resulted in disappearance of the dominant follicle on ultrasound accompanied by a decrease in estradiol (E2; 64.9 +/- 11.4 to 23.9 +/- 3.3 pg/mL; P < 0.02) and inhibin B levels (121.6 +/- 14.8 to 28.4 +/- 4.8 pg/mL; P < 0.002) from baseline to near the limit of detection. Inhibin A was near the limit of detection in this cycle stage (0.8 +/- 0.1 IU/mL). When gonadotropins were withdrawn during the LFP, the size of the dominant follicle remained stationary in four of five subjects, and inhibin B (84.1 +/- 14.1 to 22.2 +/- 3.4 pg/mL; 71 +/- 5%; P < 0.02), inhibin A (4.4 +/- 1.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.5 IU/mL; 71 +/- 7%; P < 0.02), and E2 (236.8 +/- 48.2 to 95.6 +/- 39.0 pg/mL; 61 +/- 12%; P < 0.02) decreased similarly. Time to ovulation was shorter in association with higher inhibin A (r = -0.67; P < 0.02) and E2 (r = -0.79; P < 0.003), but there was no relation to inhibin B. During the MLP, decreased gonadotropin levels resulted in the disappearance of corpus luteum function with a significant decrease in inhibin A (9.0 +/- 0.4 to 0.7 +/- 0.1 IU/mL; 92 +/- 1%; P < 0.0001) in combination with decreased E2 (150.4 +/- 22.9 to 23.8 +/- 4.2 pg/mL; 83 +/- 3%; P < 0.005) and progesterone (12.6 +/- 2.6 to 0.9 +/- 0.2 ng/mL; 92 +/- 2%; P < 0.01). Administration of a GnRH antagonist at precise stages of the menstrual cycle provides further evidence that differential regulation of inhibin A and inhibin B is critically dependent on the stage of follicular development. Inhibin B secretion is exquisitely sensitive to gonadotropin withdrawal during the MFP when inhibin A has not yet risen. Inhibin A and inhibin B decrease equally after GnRH antagonist administration during the LFP. However, before antagonist administration, the positive correlation between estradiol and inhibin A and time to ovulation and the lack of such a correlation with inhibin B suggest that the source of inhibin B secretion is different from that of inhibin A and E2. The decrease in inhibin A secretion after antagonist administration during the luteal phase confirms gonadotropin-dependent secretion of dimeric inhibin A by the corpus luteum.

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“…The addition of a GnRH antagonist will help in preventing premature ovulation, and the addition of a gonadotropin will aid in maintaining estradiol concentrations and avoid dominant follicle atresia induced by the GnRH antagonist [5]. Indomethacin has also proved to be beneficial in mnIVF by decreasing premature ovulation rates, and this is when it is initiated prior to the LH surge [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of 1503 cycles of modified natural cycle in vitro fertilization: a single-institution experience

Shaulov

Vélez

Buzaglo

et al. 2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Follicular Arrest during the Midfollicular Phase of the Menstrual Cycle: A Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Imposed Follicular-Follicular Transition*

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Estrogenic Effects of Pueraria mirifica on the Menstrual Cycle and Hormone-Related Ovarian Functions in Cyclic Female Cynomolgus Monkeys

Estrogenic Effects of Pueraria mirifica on the Menstrual Cycle and Hormone-Related Ovarian Functions in Cyclic Female Cynomolgus Monkeys

Inhibin A and Inhibin B Responses to Gonadotropin Withdrawal Depends on Stage of Follicle Development¹

Outcomes of 1503 cycles of modified natural cycle in vitro fertilization: a single-institution experience

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Follicular Arrest during the Midfollicular Phase of the Menstrual Cycle: A Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Imposed Follicular-Follicular Transition*

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Estrogenic Effects of Pueraria mirifica on the Menstrual Cycle and Hormone-Related Ovarian Functions in Cyclic Female Cynomolgus Monkeys

Estrogenic Effects of Pueraria mirifica on the Menstrual Cycle and Hormone-Related Ovarian Functions in Cyclic Female Cynomolgus Monkeys

Inhibin A and Inhibin B Responses to Gonadotropin Withdrawal Depends on Stage of Follicle Development1

Outcomes of 1503 cycles of modified natural cycle in vitro fertilization: a single-institution experience

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Inhibin A and Inhibin B Responses to Gonadotropin Withdrawal Depends on Stage of Follicle Development¹