Follicle-stimulating hormone associates with prediabetes and diabetes in postmenopausal women

Abstract

AimsNo study explores the association between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and glucose metabolism in general women. We aim to investigate whether the variation of FSH is associated with prediabetes and diabetes in postmenopausal women.MethodsOur data were from survey on prevalence in East China for metabolic diseases and risk factors in 2014. Thousand six hundred and ten postmenopausal women at the age of 55–89 who were not using hormone replacement therapy were selected. Prediabetes and diabetes were defined according to American Diabetes Association 2014 criteria. FSH, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone and estradiol were measured by chemiluminescence. Multinomial logistic analyses were used for the association of FSH with prediabetes and diabetes, and linear regression for the association of FSH with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c.ResultsAmong the participants, 778 (48.3 %) had prediabetes and 121 (7.5 %) had newly diagnosed diabetes. In linear regression, after full adjustment for demographic variables, metabolic factors, E2 and LH, FSH was associated with FPG and HbA1c (P < 0.05). In logistic regression, increased quartiles of FSH were associated with significantly decreased odds ratios of prediabetes and diabetes (P for trend <0.01). This association was attenuated by waist circumference and HOMA-IR, but persisted in fully adjusted model (P for trend <0.05) in which, for the lowest compared with the highest quartile of FSH, the odds ratios of prediabetes and diabetes were 1.93 (95 % CI 1.21–3.08; P < 0.01) and 3.02 (95 % CI 1.10–8.31; P < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionsLow FSH was associated with prediabetes and diabetes in postmenopausal women. The associations might be partially explained by adiposity and insulin resistance.

Associations of blood lead levels with reproductive hormone levels in men and postmenopausal women: Results from the SPECT-China Study

“…Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria as presented previously, a total of 6899 subjects were enrolled in the SPECT-China study. A woman was considered to be postmenopausal if she was more than 55 years of age141516. In China, approximately 97% of women at the age of 55 are postmenopausal17.…”

“…Model 3 included the terms for model 2, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diabetes and blood cadmium level. Considering the fact that diabetes and systolic blood pressure have been gradually revealed to be associated with reproductive hormones1622, they were adjusted. Blood cadmium was adjusted, because BLLs and blood cadmium levels were significantly correlated in men (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.357; P < 0.001) and postmenopausal women (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.412; P < 0.001) in the present study.…”

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Aging Men and Women: Increasing Total Testosterone in Aging Men

“…Thus, FSH levels in women were almost 4-5 times higher than those in age-matched men. FSH has been shown to protect against many diseases [31,32] , and in our previous report, we found that FSH protects post-menopausal women from type 2 diabetes [33] . Maintenance of pituitary responsiveness and higher concentrations of FSH in women partially explain the fact that women have a longer life expectancy than men [34] , although sex hormone levels are lower in women.…”

The famine exposure in early life and metabolic syndrome in adulthood

“…Of these, 99.5% of the residents are Han Chinese. SPECT-China is a populationbased cross-sectional investigation in East China in 2014 [8,19]. The registration number is ChiCTR-ECS-14005052, http://www.…”