Folic Acid - The Occurrence and the Role in Human Nutrition

Tuszyńska, Magdalena

doi:10.2478/v10032-012-0003-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Vitamins such as folate and thiamine are the components of Vitamin-B and are considered as essential nutrients for humans. Folate (folic acid) cannot be synthesized by human cells and hence is necessary to be supplemented exogenously as it plays an important role in nucleic acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism [ 89 – 91 ]. Thus, strains (T110 and 17OM39) producing such amino acids and vitamins can be considered beneficial for humans [ 92 , 93 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genome analysis reveals key genetic factors associated with probiotic property in Enterococcus faecium strains

Ghattargi

Gaikwad

Meti³

et al. 2018

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundEnterococcus faecium though commensal in the human gut, few strains provide a beneficial effect to humans as probiotics while few are responsible for the nosocomial infection. Comparative genomics of E. faecium can decipher the genomic differences responsible for probiotic, pathogenic and non-pathogenic properties. In this study, we compared E. faecium strain 17OM39 with a marketed probiotic, non-pathogenic non-probiotic (NPNP) and pathogenic strains.ResultsE. faecium 17OM39 was found to be closely related with marketed probiotic strain T110 based on core genome analysis. Strain 17OM39 was devoid of known vancomycin, tetracycline resistance and functional virulence genes. Moreover, E. faecium 17OM39 genome was found to be more stable due to the absence of frequently found transposable elements. Genes imparting beneficial functional properties were observed to be present in marketed probiotic T110 and 17OM39 strains. Genes associated with colonization and survival within gastrointestinal tract was also detected across all the strains.ConclusionsBeyond shared genetic features; this study particularly identified genes that are responsible for imparting probiotic, non-pathogenic and pathogenic features to the strains of E. faecium. Higher genomic stability, absence of known virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes and close genomic relatedness with marketed probiotics makes E. faecium 17OM39 a potential probiotic candidate. The work presented here demonstrates that comparative genome analyses can be applied to large numbers of genomes, to find potential probiotic candidates.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5043-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genome analysis reveals key genetic factors associated with probiotic property in Enterococcus faecium strains

Ghattargi

Gaikwad

Meti³

et al. 2018

BMC Genomics

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“…Humans and animals lack the enzymes to synthesize folate de novo, so they must obtain it from their food. Green vegetables, yeast, animal livers, egg yolk, folic acid (FA)-fortified foods, or additives are all good folate sources for humans (7,8). Because of folate's instability in vegetable sources (9,10), the potential negative effects of synthetic FA (11)(12)(13), egg yolk folate draws considerable attention thanks to its stability, natural occurrence, and high bioavailability (14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic Acid Absorption Characteristics and Effect on Cecal Microbiota of Laying Hens

et al. 2021

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the characteristics of folic acid (FA) absorption in laying hens and the effect of FA supplementation on cecal microbiota. A total of 432 healthy hens (30-week-old) were randomly assigned to four diets supplemented with FA: 0, 1, 6, and 24 mg/kg of feed for 8 w. Blood, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and cecal chyme samples (six samples per treatment) were collected from the hens at the end of the feeding trial. Expression profiles of folate transport and transformation genes in intestine and cecal microbiota were detected. Results showed that serum folate level significantly increased (P < 0.01) with an increase in dietary FA supplementation, reaching a plateau at 6 mg/kg FA supplementation. The expression of FA transport and transformation genes was not affected in the cecum (P > 0.05) by dietary FA supplementation; however, it was affected in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and mostly showed a downward trend in treatment groups (P < 0.05). The genes affected include duodenal folate receptor (Folr) and dihydrofolate reductase (Dhfr), jejunal proton-coupled folate transporter (Pcft) and reduced folate carrier (Rfc), and ileal ATP binding cassette subfamily C member (Abcc2), Abcc3, Rfc, Folr, and Dhfr. Furthermore, according to the operational taxonomic unit classification and taxonomic position identification, the cecal microbiota population of the hens was not affected by dietary FA supplementation at the phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species levels (P > 0.05). However, the relative abundance of some microbiota was affected by dietary FA supplementation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, FA transport from the intestinal lumen into enterocytes, and then into the bloodstream, is strictly regulated, which may be associated with the regulation of the expression profiles of genes involved in FA absorption. Pathogenic bacteria decreased in the cecum, especially at 24 mg/kg supplementation, but the beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteriaceae) decreased at this level, too. Overall, FA supplementation at 6 mg/kg, which was selected for folate-enriched egg production, did not affect the health and metabolism of laying hens negatively.

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“…Vitamins such as folate and thiamine are the components of Vitamin-B and are considered as essential nutrients for humans. Folate (folic acid) cannot be synthesized by human cells and hence is necessary to be supplemented exogenously as it plays important role in DNA and RNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism (Mahmood 2014; Ohrvik and Witthoft 2011; Tuszyńska 2012). Thus, strains (T110 and 17OM39) producing such amino acids and vitamins are considered beneficial for human use (Fijan 2014; Eck and Friel 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Important Genetic Factors Associated with Probiotic Property inEnterococcus faeciumstrains

Ghattargi

Gaikwad

Meti³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Enterococcus faecium though commensals in human gut, few strains provide beneficial effect to humans as probiotics, few are responsible for nosocomial infection and few as non-pathogens. Comparative genomics of E. faecium will help to reveal the genomic differences responsible for the said properties. In this study, we compared E. faecium strain 17OM39 with a marketed probiotic, non-pathogenic non-probiotic (NPNP) and pathogenic strains. The core genome analysis revealed, 17OM39 was closely related with marketed probiotic strain T110. Strain 17OM39 was found to be devoid of known vancomycin, tetracycline resistance genes and functional virulence genes. Moreover, 17OM39 is „less open‟ due to absence of frequently found transposable elements. Genes imparting beneficial functional properties were observed to be present in marketed probiotic T110 and 17OM39 strains. Additional, genes associated with colonization within gastrointestinal tract were detected across all the strains. Beyond shared genetic features; this study particularly identified genes that are responsible to impart probiotic, non-pathogenic and pathogenic features to the strains of E. faecium. The study also provides insights into the acquired and intrinsic drug resistance genes, which will be helpful for better understanding of the physiology of antibiotic resistance in E. faecium strains. In addition, we could identify genes contributing to the intrinsic ability of 17OM39 E. faecium isolate to be a potential probiotic.The study has comprehensively characterized genome sequence of each strain to find the genetic variation and understand effects of these on functionality, phenotypic complexity. Further the evolutionary relationship of species along with adaptation strategies have been including in this study.

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Folic Acid - The Occurrence and the Role in Human Nutrition

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Comparative genome analysis reveals key genetic factors associated with probiotic property in Enterococcus faecium strains

Comparative genome analysis reveals key genetic factors associated with probiotic property in Enterococcus faecium strains

Folic Acid Absorption Characteristics and Effect on Cecal Microbiota of Laying Hens

Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Important Genetic Factors Associated with Probiotic Property inEnterococcus faeciumstrains

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