Foliar pesticide residues in relation to worker re‐entry

McEwen, F. L.; Ritcey, G.; Braun, H. E.; Frank, R.; Ripley, B. D.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780110612

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…i.) per ha, and resulting residue (Madsen and \Villiams, 1968;McMechan et al, 1972;Hameed and Allen, 1976;Pree et aL, 1976;Chiba et aL, 1978;Menzies et aL, 1979;Hagley and Chiba, 1980;McEwen et al, 1980). The slope of this regression, and thus the conversion factor from kg'ha-1 a.i.…”

Section: Application Rate -Residue Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most reports present residue data in units of IJ.g•cm-2, some have given residue values on foliage in units of IJ.g.g-l. Residue values given in units of IJ.g.g-l were converted to IJ.g•cm-2 using a constant of 44 cm 2 .g-1 ; this value (roughly the inverse of areal leaf density) was determined as the slope of a linear regression passing the origin on data giving residue of two pesticides measured in both ways (McEwen et al, 1980). A linear regression through the origin was done on all available data on pesticide application rate, in units of kg active ingredient (a.…”

Section: Application Rate -Residue Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Shaffer

Gold

1985

Ecological Modelling

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A simulation model has been developed that predicts numbers and phenology of a population of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in an apple orchard. The model is a general insect population model based on the iterative-cohort technique. It operates at two time scales: a fine time scale (one hour) for temperature-dependent physiological processes, and a coarse time scale (one day) for population processes. The population is divided into a specifiable number of stages, and each stage is described by four process functions, which may be of any convenient mathematical form, and may differ among stages. Each stage is divided into cohorts of individuals born or emerged on the same day, and individuals within a cohort are considered probabilistically identical. The model simulates the processes of development, transition among stages, and mortality by using probability distributions representing these processes, and incorporates the effects of pesticides on mortality of the insect. Model output was evaluated by comparison with records of pheromone trap catches of codling moths in commercial apple orchards in North Carolina. The model predicts timing of the first spring flight well, depending on the initial age distribution used. Time between peaks of numbers of adults in the model is about 15 days longer than the observed period between flight peaks in orchards. Sensitivity analysis indicates that this discrepancy may be related to differences between measured ambient temperature and tree canopy temperature. The sensitivities of numbers of insects produced by the model and timing of peaks in numbers present were determined for each of the parameters in the model. The parameters with greatest effect on the model output were those which control the locations of developmental rate functions and survival functions on the temperature scale. In the model, pesticides had a much larger effect on numbers of adults present than records of moths caught in pheromone traps indicate actually occurred, suggesting that moths caught in traps in commercial orchards where effective pesticides are applied may be largely immigrants.

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Section: Application Rate -Residue Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Rate -Residue Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Shaffer

Gold

1985

Ecological Modelling

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“…(9) Mevinphos residues have been reported to disappear from the leaves during the first 8 hours. (10) However, a residue of mevinphos was detected from leaves taken 1 week after spraying, and the amount of mevinphos varied between 0-7.2 ng/cm 2 . (9) According to Kangas et al, (9) the half-life of mevinphos is 9.2 hours in foliage, and the reentry interval for mevinphos calculated by Popendorf and Leffingwell (11) was approximately 4.5 hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Mobility Spectrometric Monitoring of Phosdrin® from Foliage in Greenhouse

Tuovinen

Paakkanen

Hänninen

et al. 2001

AIHAJ - American Industrial Hygiene Association

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The monitoring of Phosdrin (mevinphos; insecticide) from foliage and foliage extracts was achieved by an aspiration-type ion mobility spectrometer. This technique is based on ion mobility, which is proportional to the molecular weight, shape, and charge. The operation principle of the ion mobility spectrometer is to measure mobility distribution changes of product and reactant ions. This technique can measure positive and negative ion clusters at the same time in six different measuring electrodes. Each measuring electrode detects a different portion of the ion mobility distribution formed within the cell's radioactive source. The pattern recognition used is based on differences in the gas profiles for different compounds. This study shows that an ion mobility spectrometer can be used to monitor Phosdrin from foliage without the need for any time-consuming extraction procedure. The responses for Phosdrin-containing and background (control) samples were easily separated from each other. The responses declined as a function of time in the positive and sum response channels. In addition, the sum of the absolute values of signals at six measuring channels (sum response) were linearly proportional to the concentration of Phosdrin. Just before application (i.e., in background), this value was 41 bits, whereas these values were 10-fold, 11-fold, 8-fold, 6-fold, 5-fold, and 3.5-fold at the time points 4, 8, 11, 24, 50, and 72 hours after the spraying of Phosdrin.

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Pesticide persistence on foliage

Willis

McDowell

1987

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

114

115

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Background: Foliage residue decline data are used to re ne the risk assessment for herbivorous birds and mammals foraging in elds treated with plant protection products. For evaluation, current EFSA guidance has a clear focus on single-rst order (SFO) kinetic models. However, other kinetic models are well established in other areas of environmental risk evaluations (eg, soil residue assessment), and easyto-use calculation tools have become available now. We provide case studies with 6 fungicides how such evaluations can be conducted with two of these tools (KinGUII and TREC) that have been developed by Bayer. Results: SFO kinetics provided the best ts only for 13 of 36 residue decline studies conducted in a standardized design under eld conditions. Biphasic models (double rst order in parallel, hockey stick) were often superior and sometimes more conservative for risk assessment. The additional effort is manageable when using software such as KinGUII and TREC, and appears justi ed by the more reliable outcome of the evaluations. Conclusions: Further research would be useful to better assess the extent to which non-SFO better ts foliage residue decline, but our study suggests that it may be a signi cant proportion. Therefore we encourage the use of biphasic models in the regulatory risk assessment for herbivorous birds and mammals, in the ongoing revision of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidance document from 2009.

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Foliar pesticide residues in relation to worker re‐entry

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Ion Mobility Spectrometric Monitoring of Phosdrin® from Foliage in Greenhouse

Pesticide persistence on foliage

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