Foliar nitrogen dynamics and decomposition of yellow-poplar and eastern white pine during four seasons of exposure to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide

Scherzer, Amy J.; Rebbeck, Joanne; Boerner, Ralph E. J.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00290-4

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is likely that mineral nutrition was not a contributing factor in the reduction in chlorophyll. Concentrations of foliar nitrogen (N) (26.3 mg g 1 mean across treatments and seasons) in these same leaves were not significantly altered by O 3 exposures (Scherzer et al 1998). Foliar N was within the adequate range for this species (Leaf 1973).…”

Section: Elevated O 3 Effectsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Our current study represents a comprehensive and unique data set with five seasons of intensive A sat , g s , Y leaf , chl , and M a (presented here), and foliar N, growth, shoot and root mass, and environmental (O 3 , CO 2 , relative humidity, air and soil temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation) measurements (Rebbeck and Scherzer 2002;Scherzer et al 1998). These data are valuable for refining physiologically based models such as TREGRO (Laurence et al 2001;Constance and Retzlaff 1997) and P net (Aber et al 1996;Ollinger et al 2002), and for enhancing predictions of the long-term effects of O 3 , CO 2 , and other changing climate variables on the health and sustainability of USA forests.…”

Section: Elevated O 3 Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foliar physiology of yellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.) exposed to O 3 and elevated CO 2 over five seasons.

Rebbeck

Scherzer

Loats

2004

Trees - Structure and Function

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The chronic effects of ozone (O 3 ) alone or combined with elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on the foliar physiology of unfertilized field-grown yellowpoplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedlings were studied from 1992 to 1996. Within open-top chambers, juvenile trees were exposed to the following: charcoal-filtered air (CF); 1 ambient ozone (1XO 3 ); 1.5 ambient ozone (1.5XO 3 ); 1.5 ambient ozone plus 700 ppm carbon dioxide (1.5XO 3 +CO 2 ); or chamberless open-air (OA). Seasonal 24-h mean ambient O 3 concentrations ranged from 32 to 46 ppm over the five seasons. Averaged over 5 years, midseason net photosynthesis at saturating light (A sat ) was reduced by 14% (P=0.029) and stomatal conductance (g s ) was reduced, albeit non-significant, by 13% (P =0.096) in upper canopy foliage exposed to 1.5XO 3 -air relative to CF controls. There were no significant differences over the 5 years in A sat and g s between trees grown in 1XO 3 -and 1.5XO 3 -air. Our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of O 3 effects on A sat and g s decreases as saplings age. When averaged over the five seasons of exposure, total chlorophyll concentration (chl) was not significantly affected by exposure to elevated O 3 ; however, in 1.5XO 3 +CO 2 -air, foliar chl was reduced by 33% relative to all others (P<0.001). In 1.5XO 3 +CO 2 -air, A sat was 1.4-1.9 times higher (P<0.001) and g s was 0.7 times lower (P=0.022) than all others. O 3 uptake in juvenile trees exposed to elevated O 3 plus elevated CO 2 (1.5XO 3 +CO 2 -air) was most comparable to trees exposed to ambient air (1XO 3 ) throughout the study. These findings suggest that elevated CO 2 may minimize the negative effects of O 3 by reducing O 3 uptake through decreased stomatal conductance.

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Section: Elevated O 3 Effectsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Elevated O 3 Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar physiology of yellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.) exposed to O 3 and elevated CO 2 over five seasons.

Rebbeck

Scherzer

Loats

2004

Trees - Structure and Function

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“…The effects of elevated CO 2 and increased N availability on tree litter quality can be opposite and are therefore not yet fully understood. While yellow leaf C:N may be unaffected or positively affected by elevated CO 2 , it may be unaffected to negatively affected in response to increased N availability (Cotrufo et al 1995;Hirschel et al 1997;Scherzer et al 1998;Norby et al 1999;Gifford et al 2000;Norby et al 2001). Some studies on deciduous tree species have investigated both factors in combination, but most often the emphasis was solely on primary production and yellow leaf C:N values have not been reported (Pettersson et al 1993;Mcguire et al 1995;Bauer et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen enrichment lowers Betula pendula green and yellow leaf stoichiometry irrespective of effects of elevated carbon dioxide

Esmeijer-Liu

Aerts²,

Kürschner

et al. 2008

Plant Soil

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Elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and increased nitrogen (N) availability generally increase deciduous tree biomass and alter green and yellow leaf stoichiometry. This paper investigates whether this also applies to Betula pendula (Birch). The effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 (600 ppmv) and increased N availability (50 and 100 kg N hamonium, nitrate and ammonium nitrate) on net primary production (NPP) and green/yellow leaf C:N of Betula pendula saplings were studied for 3 years. The combination of both factors raised NPP, but elevated CO 2 alone did not. In green leaves, increased N availability raised N concentrations, outweighing decreases caused by elevated CO 2 . After senescence, increased N concentrations were found at 100 kg N ha, also leading to a lower C:N ratio. Although a lower C:N ratio may increase the decomposition rate during early decomposition, it may have the opposite effect during later decomposition stages. This, in combination with increased biomass production and possibly lower soil pH values, might increase soil C storage. However, due to the complexity of soil C formation and related processes this remains unsure.

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“…Growth of three species of deciduous tree seedlings (Boerner and Rebbeck 1995;Scherzer et al 1998) and two species of Pinus seedlings and saplings (Scherzer et al 1998;Kainulainen et al 2003) under elevated O 3 did not influence subsequent decomposition rates of leaf litter. Findlay et al (1996), however, found that cottonwood leaves produced under high O 3 levels exhibited reduced decomposition rates (in aquatic microcosms), which were linked to increased phenolic concentrations.…”

Section: Litter Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Impact of elevated CO2 and O3 on insect-mediated ecosystem processes in a northern deciduous forest

Lindroth¹

2011

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Executive summaryRising concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 are altering the structure and function of forest ecosystems. Herbivorous insects are the major consumers in temperate deciduous forests, with the capacity to dramatically alter tree growth (via outbreaks), forest community composition and ecosystem dynamics (e.g., nutrient cycling). Until recently, however, experimental quantification of the impacts of CO 2 and O 3 on canopy herbivore communities and rates of defoliation and nutrient flux has not been addressed. This research, conducted at the Aspen FACE (Free Air CO 2 Enrichment) facility in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A., evaluated the independent and interactive effects of CO 2 and O 3 on 1) the abundance and diversity of forest canopy insect communities, and 2) rates of insect herbivory and transfer of material (leaf greenfall and insect frass) from the canopy to the forest floor.Results of studies of individual insects revealed that elevated CO 2 and O 3 influence the performance of individual species of damaging insect pests, but the magnitude of impact is influenced by both insect species and their host tree species. Censuses of canopy insects showed that some species were positively affected, some negatively affected, and some not affected by elevated CO 2 and O 3 . Moreover, overall species diversity was generally not strongly affected by CO 2 and O 3 . In summary, the effects of CO 2 and O 3 on forest insects is highly variable among species and over time, and thus difficult to generalize across broad taxonomic groups.Estimates of foliar damage revealed that CO 2 and O 3 have pronounced effects on canopy damage by insect herbivores. Averaged over three years, foliar biomass lost to insect feeding increased 86% in high CO 2 environments and decreased 12% in high O 3 environments. The increases/decreases were greater for aspen than for birch, indicating that the selective pressure of insects will shift across tree species in forests of the future.Herbivore-mediated material (green leaf tissue, insect frass) transfer from the canopy to the forest floor increased 37% in elevated CO 2 and decreased 21% in elevated O 3 . Nitrogen transfers paralleled those results: 39% increase in elevated CO 2 and 19% decrease in elevated O 3 . 2In summary, this body of work indicates that in future environments with elevated CO 2 and O 3 , the performance of individual species of tree-feeding insects will change, but that effects will be highly variable among insect and tree species. Overall insect diversity and abundance may not be strongly affected. In contrast, the foliar damage caused by tree-feeding insects will likely increase significantly under elevated CO 2 conditions, but decrease under elevated O 3 conditions. Comparison of accomplishments with goals and objectivesThe objectives of this research were to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of CO 2 and O 3 on 1) the abundance and diversity of forest canopy insect communities, and 2) rates of insect herbivory and transfer of material (leaf...

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Foliar nitrogen dynamics and decomposition of yellow-poplar and eastern white pine during four seasons of exposure to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide

Cited by 41 publications

References 35 publications

Foliar physiology of yellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.) exposed to O 3 and elevated CO 2 over five seasons.

Foliar physiology of yellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.) exposed to O 3 and elevated CO 2 over five seasons.

Nitrogen enrichment lowers Betula pendula green and yellow leaf stoichiometry irrespective of effects of elevated carbon dioxide

Impact of elevated CO2 and O3 on insect-mediated ecosystem processes in a northern deciduous forest

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