Foliar herbivory modifies arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization likely through altering root flavonoids

Xing, Zhenlong; Ma, Tiantian; Wu, Libo; Zhang, Zhongyue; Ding, Jianqing; Siemann, Evan

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.14461

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…In this study, in comparison with previous studies of other plant species under AMF treatment, our experiment observed a high level of AMF colonization in the roots of W. trilobata [15,32]. Symbiosis with AMF also resulted in a significant increase in the biomass and stem length of W. trilobata.…”

Section: Effects Of Amf On Invasive Plant Growthsupporting

confidence: 69%

Impacts of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Metabolites of an Invasive Weed Wedelia trilobata

Jiang,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The invasive plant Wedelia trilobata benefits in various aspects, such as nutrient absorption and environmental adaptability, by establishing a close symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, our understanding of whether AMF can benefit W. trilobata by influencing its metabolic profile remains limited. In this study, Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was conducted to analyze the metabolites of W. trilobata under AMF inoculation. Metabolomic analysis identified 119 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between the groups inoculated with AMF and those not inoculated with AMF. Compared to plants with no AMF inoculation, plants inoculated with AMF showed upregulation in the relative expression of 69 metabolites and downregulation in the relative expression of 50 metabolites. AMF significantly increased levels of various primary and secondary metabolites in plants, including amino acids, organic acids, plant hormones, flavonoids, and others, with amino acids being the most abundant among the identified substances. The identified DEMs mapped 53 metabolic pathways, with 7 pathways strongly influenced by AMF, particularly the phenylalanine metabolism pathway. Moreover, we also observed a high colonization level of AMF in the roots of W. trilobata, significantly promoting the shoot growth of this plant. These changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways significantly affect multiple physiological and biochemical processes in plants, such as free radical scavenging, osmotic regulation, cell structure stability, and material synthesis. In summary, AMF reprogrammed the metabolic pathways of W. trilobata, leading to changes in both primary and secondary metabolomes, thereby benefiting the growth of W. trilobata and enhancing its ability to respond to various biotic and abiotic stressors. These findings elucidate the molecular regulatory role of AMF in the invasive plant W. trilobata and provide new insights into the study of its competitive and stress resistance mechanisms.

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Section: Effects Of Amf On Invasive Plant Growthsupporting

confidence: 69%

Impacts of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Metabolites of an Invasive Weed Wedelia trilobata

Jiang,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…intensity of damage incurred on plants and the duration of herbivory. We speculate that variation in herbivory intensity and duration in previous studies may have led to the observed inconsistent results (Gehring & Bennett, 2009), and symbiosis signals in roots and root exudates may mediate the contrasting responses of AM colonisation (Xing, Ma, et al, 2024). A particularly interesting result was that mechanical damage did not enhance AM colonisation, which could indicate that in addition to wounding, specific compounds present in the oral secretions of the caterpillars are required to elicit the plant responses that result in enhanced AM colonisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Foliar herbivory‐enhanced mycorrhization is associated with increased levels of lipids in root and root exudates

Xing,

Zhang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Journal of Ecology

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Insect herbivory can affect interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi through herbivore‐modified root carbon pools, while the specific metabolic changes underlying fungal responses to herbivory are poorly understood. Here we explored the impacts of foliar herbivory and mechanical wounding on AM colonisation and AM community composition of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and the role of root metabolites in mediating these effects. Foliar insect herbivory enhanced AM colonisation, whereas mechanical wounding only enhanced AM colonisation in combination with application of caterpillar oral secretions. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Glomus species was increased in root endosphere, rhizoplane and rhizosphere soils after foliar herbivory. Foliar herbivory also increased the concentrations of fatty acids in roots but decreased phenolics, and their concentrations were significantly correlated with AM colonisation. Addition of exudates from plants exposed to herbivory resulted in increases in AM colonisation of plants without herbivory. Moreover, widely targeted metabolomic analyses revealed that foliar herbivory enhanced the relative abundance of lipids and decreased phenols in root exudates. Synthesis. We show that plants can enhance their associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi when subject to above‐ground herbivory, possibly mediated by herbivore‐induced increases in the levels of root lipids. Our findings highlight the role of root lipids in above‐below‐ground biological interactions, providing novel insights into plant‐AM fungi integrative responses to biotic stresses.

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Interactive effects of soils, local environmental conditions and herbivores on secondary chemicals in tallow tree

Xiao,

Huang,

Carrillo

et al. 2024

Journal of Plant Ecology

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Plants produce secondary chemicals that may vary along with latitude due to changing abiotic and biotic stress gradients and local environmental conditions. Teasing apart the individual and combined effects of these different abiotic, such as soil nutrients, and biotic factors, such as soil biota and herbivores, on secondary chemicals is critical for understanding of plant responses to changing environments. We conducted an experiment at different latitudes in China, using tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) seedlings sourced from a population at 31 °N. These seedlings were cultivated in gardens located at low, middle, and high latitudes, with either local soil or soil from the original seed collection site (“origin soil”). The seedlings were exposed to natural levels of aboveground herbivores or had them excluded. Plant secondary chemicals (both foliar and root), aboveground herbivores, and soil characteristics were measured. Results showed that most leaf and root secondary metabolites depended on the interaction of experimental site and soil type. Leaf and root phenolic and tannin concentrations were higher at the middle latitude site, especially in origin soil. Root and foliar flavonoid concentrations increased when aboveground herbivores were excluded. Microbial communities depended strongly on soil treatment. The different responses of tannins versus flavonoids suggest that these two chemical classes differ in their responses to the varying abiotic and biotic factors in these sites along latitudes. Together our results emphasize the importance of considering the interactive effects of local environmental conditions, soil properties and herbivory in regulating plant chemical defenses.

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Foliar herbivory modifies arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization likely through altering root flavonoids

Cited by 3 publications

References 101 publications

Impacts of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Metabolites of an Invasive Weed Wedelia trilobata

Impacts of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Metabolites of an Invasive Weed Wedelia trilobata

Foliar herbivory‐enhanced mycorrhization is associated with increased levels of lipids in root and root exudates

Interactive effects of soils, local environmental conditions and herbivores on secondary chemicals in tallow tree

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