Foliar Dehydration Tolerance of Twelve Deciduous Tree Species

Abstract

<jats:p>We compared the potential for foliar dehydration tolerance and maximum capacity for osmotic adjustment in twelve temperate, deciduous tree species, under standardized soil and atmospheric conditions. Dehydration tolerance was operationally defined as lethal leaf water potential (Ψ): the Ψ of the last remaining leaves surviving a continuous, lethal soil drying episode. <jats:italic>Nyssa sylvatica</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Liriodendron tulipifera</jats:italic> were most sensitive to dehydration, having lethal leaf Ψ of –2.04 and –2.38 MPa, respectively. <jats:italic>Chionanthus virginiana</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Quercus prinus, Acer saccharum</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Quercus acutissima</jats:italic> withstood the most dehydration, with leaves not dying until leaf psi dropped to –5.63 MPa or below. Lethal leaf Ψ (in MPa) of other, intermediate species were: <jats:italic>Quercus rubra</jats:italic> (–3.34), <jats:italic>Oxydendrum arboreum</jats:italic> (–3.98), <jats:italic>Halesia carolina</jats:italic> (–4.11), <jats:italic>Acer rubrum</jats:italic> (–4.43), <jats:italic>Quercus alba</jats:italic> (–4.60), and <jats:italic>Cornus florida</jats:italic> (–4.88). Decreasing lethal leaf Ψ was significantly correlated with increasing capacity for osmotic adjustment. <jats:italic>Chionanthus virginiana</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Q. acutissima</jats:italic> showed the most osmotic adjustment during the lethal soil drying episode, with osmotic potential at full turgor declining by 1.73 and 1.44 MPa, respectively. Other species having declines in osmotic potential at full turgor exceeding 0.50 MPa were <jats:italic>Q. prinus</jats:italic> (0.89), <jats:italic>A. saccharum</jats:italic> (0.71), <jats:italic>Q. alba</jats:italic> (0.68), <jats:italic>H. carolina</jats:italic> (0.67), <jats:italic>Q. rubra</jats:italic> (0.60), and <jats:italic>C. florida</jats:italic> (0.52). Lethal leaf Ψ was loosely correlated with lethal soil water contents and not correlated with lethal leaf relative water content.</jats:p>