Foliar-applied GA3 Advances Fruit Maturity and Allows Off-season Harvest of ‘Hass’ Avocado

Salazar-García, Samuel; Cossio-Vargas, L. E.; González-Durán, Isidro José Luis; Lovatt, Carol J.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.42.2.257

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, during the oncrop year, a single application of GA 3 at the end of June-beginning of July, one of the stages of tree phenology included in the multiple GA 3 application treatment, significantly increased total yield as kilograms of fruit per tree (27%) and the yield of commercially valuable fruit of packing carton sizes 60 + 48 + 40 as both kilograms and number per tree (30%) compared with the untreated control (P ≤ 0.0002). This treatment had no significant effect on the total number of fruit per tree in the on-crop year, implying that GA 3 had a greater effect on fruit growth than fruit retention, which is consistent with targeting the GA 3 application to the beginning of exponential fruit growth and with the role of GA 3 in increasing fruit sink strength (Köhne, 1989;Salazar-García et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Response of evergreen perennial tree crops to gibberellic acid is crop load-dependent: II. GA3 increases yield and fruit size of ‘Hass’ avocado only in the on-crop year of an alternate bearing orchard

Garner

Klein

Zheng

et al. 2011

Scientia Horticulturae

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Despite problems of low fruit set, small fruit size and alternate bearing, the Hass cultivar dominates commercial avocado production worldwide. To increase yield and fruit size, gibberellic acid (GA 3) (25 mg L −1) was applied at different stages of 'Hass' avocado tree phenology: (i) mid-late April (flower abscission), end of June-beginning of July (fruit abscission and beginning of the exponential phase of fruit growth), and mid-January (beginning of pre-harvest fruit drop); (ii) end of June-beginning of July; and (iii) mid-September (near the end of the major fruit abscission period; period of exponential fruit growth). In both years of the research, applications of GA 3 in April and June-July were within the periods of intense flower and fruit abscission, respectively; fruit abscission was low in September and January. Maximum air temperature was not related to flower or fruit abscission. In the on-crop year (391 fruit per untreated control tree), a single application of GA 3 at the end of June-beginning of July significantly increased total yield (kilograms only) and yield of commercially valuable fruit (178-325 g/fruit) (as kilograms and number per tree) compared with the control (P < 0.0001). GA 3 applied in September increased total yield (kilograms only) and yield of commercially valuable fruit (kilograms and number per tree) to values intermediate to and not significantly different from all other treatments, except trees receiving multiple applications of GA 3. This treatment reduced total yield and yield of commercially valuable fruit (kilograms and number per tree) relative to all treatments (P ≤ 0.0002). In contrast, during the off-crop year (32 fruit per control tree), no GA 3 treatment had a significant effect on yield or fruit size compared with the control and all other GA 3 treatments. For 'Hass' avocado, there was no negative effect from applying GA 3 at the end of June-beginning of July in both the off-and on-crop years; 2-year cumulative total yield and yield of commercially valuable fruit were increased by 27 kg (128 fruit) and 22 kg (101 fruit) per tree, respectively, above the yield of untreated control trees (P < 0.0001).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Response of evergreen perennial tree crops to gibberellic acid is crop load-dependent: II. GA3 increases yield and fruit size of ‘Hass’ avocado only in the on-crop year of an alternate bearing orchard

Garner

Klein

Zheng

et al. 2011

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…Regarding fruit yield and size, significant increases were reported for 'Hass' avocado trees when sprayed with paclobutrazol (Whiley et al, 2013), uniconazole (Erasmus & Brooks, 1998), and prohexadione-calcium (Salazar-García et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gibberellin inhibitors applied during flowering of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado trees

Brogio

Silva

Cantuarias-Avilés

et al. 2018

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors on shoot growth above the panicle, as well as on fruit yield, size, and shape of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana) trees. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with five treatments, four replicates, and 40 trees. From 2013 to 2015, the following treatments were applied at full bloom, as foliar sprayings: water (control), 250 mg L-1 prohexadione-calcium, 2,500 mg L-1 trinexapac-ethyl, 1,750 mg L-1 paclobutrazol, and 350 mg L-1 uniconazole; the first two are acylcyclohexanediones and the last two, triazoles. Fruit yield, yield efficiency, and alternate bearing were not affected by the application of plant growth regulators. However, the gibberellin inhibitors increased fruit size and modified the fruit shape of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado. Uniconazole reduces shoot growth above the panicle, and this effect may vary depending on environmental conditions, especially water supply.

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“…Na média dos anos de 2014 e 2016, os resultados para a massa média dos frutos de 'Hass' apresentaram o mesmo efeito observado em 2014, com os tratamentos 4 (0,035% uniconazole), 6 (25 mg.L -1 benziladenina) e 2 (250 mg.L -1 ProCa) exibindo os maiores valores para a massa média dos frutos, que foi de 198,17g, 197,50g e 194 (EVANS et al, 1999;LEVER, 1986;LOVATT, 2004 TADEO et al, 1997). Também há registros de frutos de abacates 'Hass' mais arredondados, devido ao aumento do seu diâmetro após tratamentos com inibidores de giberelinas, como uniconazole (MENA et al, 2003;ERASMUS;BROOKS, 1998;LEONARDI, 2001) e ProCa (ATUCHA, 2006;LOVATT, 2004 1 T1 = água; T2= 909 mg.L -1 de Viviful ® (250 mg.L -1 ProCa); T3 = 0,7% Cultar ® 250 SC (0,175% paclobutrazol); T4= 0,7% Sunny ® (0,035% uniconazole); T5= 1% Moddus ® (0,25% TrixE); T6= 1250 mg.L -1 de MaxCel ® (25 mg.L -1 BA); T7= 125 mg.L -1 de ProGibb ® 400 (50 mg.L -1 GA3); *Aplicação de 28% da concentração do T2 e de 10% da concentração de T3 e T4, respectivamente; Médias com letras distintas nas colunas indicam diferenças significativas (Tukey); 2 Os valores originais foram transformados ŷ=y 2 ; 3 Os valores originais foram transformados ŷ=y (ZILKAH et al, 1995;MENA et al, 2003;LOVATT, 2003;SALAZAR-GARCÍA, 2006;SALAZAR-GARCÍA et al, 2007b;GARNER et al, 2011). ; T3 = 0,7% Cultar ® 250 SC (0,175% paclobutrazol); T4= 0,7% Sunny ® (0,035% uniconazole); T5= 1% Moddus ® (0,25% TrixE); T6= 1250 mg.L -1 de MaxCel ® (25 mg.L -1 BA); T7= 125 mg.L -1 de ProGibb ® 400 (50 mg.L -1 GA3); *Aplicação de 28% da concentração do T2 e de 10% da concentração de T3 e T4, respectivamente; Médias com letras distintas nas colunas indicam diferenças significativas (Tukey); 2 Valor p de Kruskal-Wallis; 3 Os dados originais foram transformados ŷ=log10; 4 Os dados originais foram transformados ŷ=y 0,5…”

Section: Tamanho E Formato De Frutosunclassified

Uso de fitorreguladores em pomar de abacateiro (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill.) \'Hass\' cultivado em condições de sequeiro

Brogio¹

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Use of plant growth regulators in 'Hass' avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) orchards under rainfed conditions Although Brazil presents great potential for the expansion of the avocado crop, especially due to the favorable edaphoclimatic conditions, its production is still restricted in the country, mainly due to limiting factors, such as the non-adoption of high-density plantings in commercial orchards and agronomic managements to support high fruit yield and quality; the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi, the main pathogen affecting avocados around the world; the fact that most of the commercial orchards are grown under rainfed conditions; and also due to factors that are inherent to the tree's ecophysiology, such as the excessive vigor, low fruit set and difficulty in controlling the alternate bearing. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have become important management tools in the commercial orchards of the main producer countries for improving yields, increasing fruit size, reducing alternate bearing and reducing vegetative vigor. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different PGRs on vegetative growth, fruit yield, yield efficiency and alternate bearing, fruit size and shape, and post-harvest quality of 'Hass' avocados non-irrigated. Between 2013 and 2016, seven treatments were evaluated by foliar sprays : T1: water (control); T2: 250 mg.L-1 Viviful® (68,75 mg.L-1 prohexadione-calcium); T3: 0,7% Cultar® 250 SC (0,175% paclobutrazol); T4: 0,7% Sunny® (0,035% uniconazole); T5: 1% Moddus® (0,25% trinexapac-ethyl); T6: 1250 mg.L-1 MaxCel® (25 mg.L-1 6-benzyladenine) all applied in full bloom; and T7: 125 mg.L-1 ProGibb® 400 (50 mg.L-1 gibberelic acid) applied at the beginning of December, before the second natural fruit drop. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with seven treatments, four replications and two plants per plot. The following variables were evaluated: tree size, spring shoot growth, fruit yield, size and shape and post-harvest fruit quality. The applied PGRs did not significantly affect tree size, yield efficiency and fruit yield, nor did they influence the post-harvest fruit quality. Uniconazole (T4) was responsible of a significant shortening of spring shoots during the three years of evaluations. The cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (T6) significantly reduced alternate bearing of 'Hass' avocado trees. Spring sprays of uniconazole (T4), prohexadione-calcium (T2) and 6-benzyladenine (T6) significantly increased fruit size. Most of the PGRs modified-fruit shape of 'Hass' avocados to a more rounded format, with trinexapac-ethyl (T5) showing a stronger effect. The application of the different PGRs are inconsistent throughout the years of research and do not affect fruit number and yield (kg.tree-1) and yield efficiency of non-irrigated 'Hass' avocados.

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Foliar-applied GA3 Advances Fruit Maturity and Allows Off-season Harvest of ‘Hass’ Avocado

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Response of evergreen perennial tree crops to gibberellic acid is crop load-dependent: II. GA3 increases yield and fruit size of ‘Hass’ avocado only in the on-crop year of an alternate bearing orchard

Response of evergreen perennial tree crops to gibberellic acid is crop load-dependent: II. GA3 increases yield and fruit size of ‘Hass’ avocado only in the on-crop year of an alternate bearing orchard

Influence of gibberellin inhibitors applied during flowering of nonirrigated 'Hass' avocado trees

Uso de fitorreguladores em pomar de abacateiro (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill.) \'Hass\' cultivado em condições de sequeiro

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