Foliar applied 24-epibrassinolide alleviates salt stress in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) by suppression of ABA levels and upregulation of secondary metabolites

Shahzad, Raheel; Harlina, Putri Widyanti; Ewas, Mohamed; Pan, Zhenyuan; Nie, Xiaoqin; Gallego, Pedro Pablo Ferrer; Khan, Shahid Ullah; Nishawy, Elsayed; Khan, Aamir Hamid; Jia, Haitao

doi:10.1080/17429145.2021.2002444

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The rich metabolites produced by phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway coupled with high antioxidant capacity give mulberry higher salt tolerance 50 . Flavonoids are the largest class of special phenolic compounds synthesized through phenylpropane pathway, which can improve the tolerance of different plants by minimizing oxidative damage 16 . EBR supplementation further enhanced the flavonoid content in Glycine max 26 and Camellia sinensis 51 , and Vitis vinifera 52 and Oryza sativa 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids are the largest class of special phenolic compounds synthesized through phenylpropane pathway, which can improve the tolerance of different plants by minimizing oxidative damage 16 . EBR supplementation further enhanced the flavonoid content in Glycine max 26 and Camellia sinensis 51 , and Vitis vinifera 52 and Oryza sativa 16 . Phenolic compounds are powerful heavy metal chelators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seed priming with EBR changes the growth and phenylpropanoid pathway of flax to water deficit 15 . Leaf application of EBR alleviates rice salt stress by up regulating secondary metabolites produced via the phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway 16 . EBR plays an active role in Colletotrichum fructicola resistance through the induction of lignin synthesis in Camellia sinensis 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exogenous Brassinosteroid Enhances Zinc tolerance by activating the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis pathway in Citrullus lanatus L

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2023

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Zinc (Zn) is an important element in plants, but over-accumulation of Zn is harmful. The phytohormone brassinosteroids (BRs) play a key role in regulating plant growth, development, and response to stress. However, the role of BRs in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.) under Zn stress, one of the most important horticultural crops, remains largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a bioactive BR enhanced Zn tolerance in watermelon plants, which was related to the EBR-induced increase in the fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and decrease in the content of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Zn in watermelon leaves. Through RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq), 350 different expressed genes (DEG) were found to be involved in the response to Zn stress after EBR treatment, including 175 up-regulated DEGs and 175 down-regulated DEGs. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ pathway (map00940) using KEGG enrichment analysis. The gene expression levels of PAL , 4CL , CCR , and CCoAOMT , key genes involved in phenylpropanoid pathway, were significantly induced after EBR treatment. In addition, compared with Zn stress alone, EBR treatment significantly promoted the activities of PAL, 4CL, and POD by 30.90%, 20.69%, and 47.28%, respectively, and increased the content of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and lignin by 23.02%, 40.37%, and 29.26%, respectively. The present research indicates that EBR plays an active role in strengthening Zn tolerance, thus providing new insights into the mechanism of BRs enhancing heavy metal tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exogenous Brassinosteroid Enhances Zinc tolerance by activating the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis pathway in Citrullus lanatus L

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2023

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…Under long-term salt stress, the content of plant photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b and carotenoids) will decrease due to low photosynthetic efficiency (Shahzad et al, 2021). Photosynthetic pigments are closely related to the photosystem (FPSI and FPSII), photochemical quenching (Qp), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) parameters and electron transfer rate (ETR) have been widely studied and reported due to the reduction of response to salt stress (More et al, 2019;Shahzad et al, 2021). Antioxidant metabolic pathway substances, such as SOD, POX, CAT, APX, play a key role in clearing ROS, reducin g membrane damage, maintaining normal photosynthesis and intracellular ROS balance (Kang and Nam, 2016;Li et al, 2022) (Gupta and Huang, 2014;Tyagi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to abiotic stresses such as drought and salt will induce stomatal photosynthesis, reduce net photosynthetic rate, and accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O 2 - ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), ROS is a highly toxic substance, causing oxidative damage to the membrane, protein and nucleic acid in plant cells, which directly affects the flow of organic and inorganic solutes ( Shahzad et al., 2018 ). Under long-term salt stress, the content of plant photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b and carotenoids) will decrease due to low photosynthetic efficiency ( Shahzad et al., 2021 ). Photosynthetic pigments are closely related to the photosystem (ΦPSI and ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (Qp), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) parameters and electron transfer rate (ETR) have been widely studied and reported due to the reduction of response to salt stress ( More et al., 2019 ; Shahzad et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of cucumber resistance under salt stress by 2, 4-epibrassinolide lactones

Wan²,

Jin³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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This study investigated the effects of exogenous 2, 4-epibrassinolide lactone (EBR) on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant defense system, ion homeostasis, MAPK cascade and key genes of SOS signaling pathway of cucumber seedlings under salt stress using cucumber “Xinchun 4” as the test material. The experiment was set up with four treatments: foliar spraying of distilled water (CK), 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl (NaCl), 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl+foliar spray of 0.02 μmol.L-1 EBR (EBR+NaCl), and 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl+foliar spray of 24 μmol.L-1 Brassinazole (BRZ) (BRZ+NaCl). The results showed that EBR+NaCl treatment significantly increased plant height, above-ground fresh weight, total root length, total root surface area, average rhizome and photosynthetic pigment content compared to NaCl treatment. Meanwhile, compared with NaCl treatment, EBR+NaCl treatment significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (SOD, CAT and APX) activities, significantly promoted the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances (soluble sugars and proline), and thus effectively reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrical conductivity of cucumber leaves. Exogenous spraying of EBR also significantly reduced Na+/K+ under NaCl stress, effectively alleviating the toxic effects of Na+ ions. In addition, exogenous EBR induced the up-regulated expression of CsMAPK3, CsMAPK4, CsMAPK6 and CsMAPK9 genes in the MAPK cascade signaling pathway and CsSOS1, CsSOS2 and CsSOS3 genes in the SOS signaling pathway to enhance salt tolerance in cucumber under NaCl stress. Therefore, exogenous spraying EBR may effectively reduce the damage of salt stress on cucumber seedlings by improving antioxidant capacity, maintaining ion homeostasis and activating salt-tolerant related signaling pathways, which might promote the growth of cucumber seedlings and the establishment of root system morphology. This study provides a reference for EBR to improve the salt tolerance of cucumber.

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Beneficial Effects of Hemin on Antioxidative Capacity and Anatomical Characters of NaCl-Stressed Rice Plants

Meng,

Guo,

Feng

et al. 2024

J Plant Growth Regul

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Foliar applied 24-epibrassinolide alleviates salt stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by suppression of ABA levels and upregulation of secondary metabolites

Cited by 19 publications

References 82 publications

Exogenous Brassinosteroid Enhances Zinc tolerance by activating the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis pathway in Citrullus lanatus L

Exogenous Brassinosteroid Enhances Zinc tolerance by activating the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis pathway in Citrullus lanatus L

Enhancement of cucumber resistance under salt stress by 2, 4-epibrassinolide lactones

Beneficial Effects of Hemin on Antioxidative Capacity and Anatomical Characters of NaCl-Stressed Rice Plants

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