Foliar application of ethephon induces bud dormancy and affects gene expression of dormancy- and flowering-related genes in ‘Mauritius’ litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

Cronje, R.B.; Hajari, Elliosha; Jonker, Arnold; Ratlapane, I.M.; Huang, Xuming; Theron, Karen I.; Hoffman, Eleanora W.

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153768

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In lychee (Litchi chinensis L.), foliar application of the ethylene precursor, ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), can suppress new vegetative growth before flower induction, promoting flowering (Cronje et al 2022). Although less studied in mango, ethephon has shown promising floweringinducing properties for the crop (Davenport 2009).…”

Section: Floweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting: a review focusing on mango (Mangifera indica)

Rossouw,

Orr,

Bennett

et al. 2024

Funct. Plant Biol.

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Reproductive development of fruiting trees, including mango (Mangifera indica L.), is limited by non-structural carbohydrates. Competition for sugars increases with cropping, and consequently, vegetative growth and replenishment of starch reserves may reduce with high yields, resulting in interannual production variability. While the effect of crop load on photosynthesis and the distribution of starch within the mango tree has been studied, the contribution of starch and sugars to different phases of reproductive development requires attention. This review focuses on mango and examines the roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting trees to clarify the repercussions of crop load on reproductive development. Starch buffers the plant’s carbon availability to regulate supply with demand, while sugars provide a direct resource for carbon translocation. Sugar signalling and interactions with phytohormones play a crucial role in flowering, fruit set, growth, ripening and retention, as well as regulating starch, sugar and secondary metabolites in fruit. The balance between the leaf and fruit biomass affects the availability and contributions of starch and sugars to fruiting. Crop load impacts photosynthesis and interactions between sources and sinks. As a result, the onset and rate of reproductive processes are affected, with repercussions for fruit size, composition, and the inter-annual bearing pattern.

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Section: Floweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting: a review focusing on mango (Mangifera indica)

Rossouw,

Orr,

Bennett

et al. 2024

Funct. Plant Biol.

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“…However, few studies investigated ethylene production in leaves, buds, flowers, or other vegetative material from tree crops. Examples are GC detection of ethylene in leaves of citrus (Tudela and Primo- Millo, 1992 ), in shoot portions of apple ( Sanyal and Bangerth, 1998 ), and in floral buds and leaves of mango ( Bindu et al, 2017 ), peach ( Liu et al, 2021 ) and litchi ( Cronje et al, 2022 ) trees. However, most of these studies only provided limited information on the sampling and analysis techniques used to successfully reproduce the techniques for application in other crops with similar plant organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of these studies only provided limited information on the sampling and analysis techniques used to successfully reproduce the techniques for application in other crops with similar plant organs. For this purpose, we developed a protocol to easily determine ethylene evolution in leaves and apical buds of litchi as part of a recent study, which used ethephon to induce bud dormancy and delay panicle emergence for more consistent floral initiation in litchi ( Cronje et al, 2022 ). To determine the mode-of-action of ethylene inside the leaf and bud tissue, as well as the downstream processes, such as relative expression of ethylene-, dormancy-, and flowering-related genes, ethylene concentration needed to be quantified reliably and accurately in these plant organs to correlate the results with those obtained from corresponding biochemical and molecular analyzes ( Cronje et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, we developed a protocol to easily determine ethylene evolution in leaves and apical buds of litchi as part of a recent study, which used ethephon to induce bud dormancy and delay panicle emergence for more consistent floral initiation in litchi ( Cronje et al, 2022 ). To determine the mode-of-action of ethylene inside the leaf and bud tissue, as well as the downstream processes, such as relative expression of ethylene-, dormancy-, and flowering-related genes, ethylene concentration needed to be quantified reliably and accurately in these plant organs to correlate the results with those obtained from corresponding biochemical and molecular analyzes ( Cronje et al, 2022 ). The sampling technique and incubation period was adapted specifically for litchi to account for low overall ethylene production and wound ethylene release after detaching of the respective plant organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work was supported by funding from the South African Litchi Growers’ Association and the Agricultural Research Council of South Africa. This protocol was adapted from previous work ( Kim et al, 2016 ; Cronje et al, 2022 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of Ethylene Production in Leaf and Bud Tissue of the Subtropical Tree Crop Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Using Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection)

Cronje¹,

Jonker²

2023

BIO-PROTOCOL

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Ethylene is an important plant hormone that is involved in the regulation of numerous processes in plant development. It also acts as a signaling molecule in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Most studies have investigated ethylene evolution of harvested fruit or small herbaceous plants under controlled conditions, but only a few explored ethylene release in other plant tissues, such as leaves and buds, particularly those of subtropical crops. However, in light of increasing environmental challenges in agriculture (such as temperature extremes, droughts, floods, and high solar radiation), studies on these challenges and on potential chemical treatments for mitigating their effects on plant physiology have become more and more important. Thus, adequate techniques for the sampling and analysis of tree crops are needed to ensure accurate ethylene quantification. As part of a study on ethephon as a mitigating agent to improve litchi flowering under warm winter conditions, a protocol was developed for ethylene quantification in leaf and bud tissue of litchi following ethephon application, taking into account that these plant organs release lower ethylene concentrations than fruit. At sampling, leaves and buds were placed in glass vials of appropriate sizes for the respective plant tissue volumes and allowed to equilibrate for 10 min to release possible wound ethylene before incubating the samples for 3 h at ambient temperature. Thereafter, ethylene samples were aspirated from the vials and analyzed using a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detection, the TG-BOND Q+ column for separation of ethylene, and helium as the carrier gas. Quantification was achieved based on a standard curve derived from an external standard gas calibration with certified ethylene gas. This protocol will also be appropriate for other tree crops with similar plant materials as study foci. It will enable researchers to accurately determine ethylene production in various studies investigating the role of ethylene in general plant physiology or stress-induced plant responses following a range of treatment conditions.

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Transcriptome analysis revealed the effect of ethylene on grape buds and leaves

Tao,

Ma,

Wang

et al. 2024

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology

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Foliar application of ethephon induces bud dormancy and affects gene expression of dormancy- and flowering-related genes in ‘Mauritius’ litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

The roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting: a review focusing on mango (Mangifera indica)

The roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting: a review focusing on mango (Mangifera indica)

Quantification of Ethylene Production in Leaf and Bud Tissue of the Subtropical Tree Crop Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Using Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection)

Transcriptome analysis revealed the effect of ethylene on grape buds and leaves

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