Foliar and Cortex Oleoresin Variability of Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Albania

Abstract

A bies alba, O leoresin, TerpenesTerpene com position o f needle and cortical oleoresin from lateral shoots were analyzed by GC/MS for four Silver fir (A bies alba Mill.) populations scattered in natural species range in Albania. More than sixty compounds were detected in the needle oleoresin, which was characterized by a high content of a-pinene, camphene, ß-pinene, limonene and bornyl ace tate. Three m onoterpenes, a-pinene, ß-pinene and limonene, and two sesquiterpenes, ß-caryophyllene and germacrene D, comprised the majority of cortical oleoresin. The terpene composition differences among the populations that led to the recognition o f two chemotypes. The needle oleoresin from the provinces of Puka, Bulqiza and Llogara were character ised by high amounts of ß-pinene, camphene and a-pinene and low amounts of limonene, while that from D renova had high amounts of ß-pinene and limonene. A similar pattern was found in the cortical oleoresin with the exception of camphene that was a minor contributor. Geographical and seasonal variation between the populations was, also, investigated. Multi variate analysis o f both needle and cortical oleoresin separated D renova (southeastern pop ulation) from the other sites. W hen both major m onoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were con sidered four chemical profiles could be attributed. Based on their chemical profiles, the populations can be divided into two groups:• Populations with high content of ß-pinene and a-pinene but a low content of limonene (Puka, Bulqiza and Llogara), typical of most of A. alba populations in all its distribution range.• Population with a high content of limonene and a moderate content of ß-pinene and apinene (D renova).

Phenotypic Variations in the Foliar Chemical Profile of Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass

“…Variation in compositional types or chemotypes have been shown as determinant of plant susceptibility to herbivores or pathogens . For example, the slug Ariolimax dolichophallus consumes only two of the three Satureja douglasii chemotypes, even when the three of them are available to the slug .…”

Colophonium and Compositae mix as markers of fragrance allergy: Cross‐reactivity between fragrance terpenes, colophonium and Compositae plant extracts

“…This explains the patient's limonene reaction and intuitively it would appear logical that the patient tested positive to other terpenes derived from woody oleoresins. Thus, β‐caryophyllene is one of 2 terpenes comprising the majority of cortical oleoresin in silver fir ( Abies alba Miller), and it is also detected in EOS of other species from the Pinaceae family (19–21). The patient had a 1+ reaction to CM of unknown relevance, which is most likely a cross‐reaction between terpenes in TTO/colophonium and the Compositae plant extracts.…”

“…The ranking of positive reactions to the 5 terpenes was similar to the overall ranking of the participating European clinics, but our patients had slightly more positive reactions to oxidized caryophyllene mixture and caryophyllene oxide (4 of a total of 10). As mentioned above, β‐caryophyllene is found in EOS of conifers (19–21). Three of the 12 terpene‐sensitive patients had exacerbation of their dermatitis from contact with spruce/conifers, and 2 of them were colophonium‐sensitive (Table 7).…”

Affordable Production of Antioxidant Aqueous Solutions by Hydrodynamic Cavitation Processing of Silver Fir (<em>Abies Alba</em> Mill.) Needles

“…The composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from silver fir needles exhibits a remarkable variability through the growing regions, environmental conditions, plant age and season, as well as genetic variability. Table A1 shows the range of concentrations of the main constituents of the EOs, drawn from few studies [17,18,75,76]; based on the same studies, EOs represent between 0.77 and 0.92% w/w (dry matter) of silver fir needles total biomass. Table A1.…”