Foliar 2,3-dihydroporphyrin iron (III) spray confers ameliorative antioxidation, ion redistribution and seed traits of salt-stressed soybean plants

Abstract

Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) chelates (also known as DHFe) have a role in plant growth regulation under normal and stressful conditions. In the present study, using Glycine max cultivars Jackson (the salt-sensitive) and Lee68 (the salt-tolerant) as the experimental materials, the physiological and molecular events contributing to the ameliorative effects of foliar DHFe spray on seedling growth; leaf photosynthetic parameters; reactive oxygen species (ROS) content; antioxidant enzyme activity; Na + , K +, and Clcontents; and seed traits of soybean plants under control or salt-stressed conditions were investigated. The results showed that foliar spraying DHFe solution on soybean seedlings under NaCl treatment can significantly increase the leaf osmotic potential (ψs) and relative water content (RWC); reduce the Na + and Clcontents and Na + /K + ratio; and simultaneously enhance the leaf antioxidant enzymes (CAT and APX, POD and SOD) activity, together with the mitigated ROS damage (lower H 2 O 2 and MDA contents). Thus, it can apparently restore the salt stress-inhibited growth and photosynthetic capacity of Jackson and Lee68 seedlings, of which the salt-sensitive cv. Jackson displayed more pronounced effects. This may be related to the fact that, except for DHFe as a kind of antioxidant, foliar application of DHFe could enhance the transcription levels of GmCLC1 in roots and leaves and those of GmSOS1 in roots of Jackson plants under salt stress. When continuously cultivated to maturity, foliar spraying DHFe under salt stress could improve, to a certain extent, the seed traits (including the numbers of pods and seeds and seeds dry weight per plant) of both soybean cultivars. This approach may also provide a valuable theoretical basis and technical guidance for future practical application of DHFe as a type of plant growth promoter for the chemical regulation of foliar DHFe spray in mitigating salt injury to soybean and other crops under saline cultivation conditions.

Zinc and Paclobutrazol Mediated Regulation of Growth, Upregulating Antioxidant Aptitude and Plant Productivity of Pea Plants under Salinity

“…The yearly worldwide monetary loss resulting from salinity is 27.5 billion USD [ 1 ]. The decline in crop yield under salt stress was indicated previously by Farouk and Al-Amri [ 3 ], and support the results of the current investigation.…”

“…Salinity is the foremost global ecological constraint to worldwide sustainable production and food security. Salt stress influences about 936 Mha of arable lands, causing yearly worldwide monetary losses of 27.5 billion USD [ 1 , 2 ]. Severe salinity induces different physio-biochemical abnormalities, including dual hyperosmotic effects, nutritional imbalance, specific ion toxicity, impaired gas exchange, disturbing water homeostasis, or a mixture of these factors, which reduce plant growth and yield [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Foliar Application of Nano-zinc and Iron Affects Physiological Attributes of Rosmarinus officinalis and Quietens NaCl Salinity Depression

“…K + accumulation in root cells controls the osmotic potential and maintains water equilibrium inside the plant tissue and declines the physiological drought stress induced by salinity (Grattan and Grieve 1998). In sensitive varieties, the over-production of MDA under salinity reflects in high-ROS-molecules generation and the inactivation or low efficiency of antioxidant systems (Farhodi 2011;Cao et al 2018). The plants' ability to scavenge free radicals is quite dependent upon the activity of antioxidant enzymes.…”

“…Nutrition with micro-elements improves the plant's productivity and helps tolerate stressful environments (Hendawy and Khalid 2005). Cao et al (2018) reported that foliar dihydroporphyrin iron (III) chelates spray improved antioxidant capacity and ion redistribution in salt-stressed soybean plants. Torabian et al (2017) reported that sunflower plants cultivated under salinity and foliar sprayed with nano-Fe had increased height and biological yield.…”