“…Evaluation of coding variants is usually divided into Loss of Function (frameshifts, direct splice site impact, and stop gain or loss) and missense. Many methods have been developed to estimate the effect of missense mutations based on sequence conservation properties (for example, SIFT (Kumar, Henikoff, & Ng, 2009), PolyPhen-2 (Adzhubei et al, 2010), SNPs3D profile (Yue & Moult, 2006), SNAP2 (Hecht, Bromberg, & Rost, 2015), and Evolutionary Action (Katsonis & Lichtarge, 2017)) and on protein stability, as estimated from protein structure (for example, SNPs3D stability (Yue, Li, & Moult, 2005), Rosetta (Park et al, 2016), and FoldX (Delgado, Radusky, Cianferoni, & Serrano, 2019;Schymkowitz et al, 2005)). Some methods also include functional information (for example, MutPred2 (Pejaver, Mooney, & Radivojac, 2017)).…”