Folding two dimensional crystals by swift heavy ion irradiation

Ochedowski, Oliver; Bukowska, Hanna; Soler, Victor M. Freire; Brökers, Lara; Ban-d’Etat, B.; Lebius, H.; Schleberger, Marika

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2014.07.037

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It was hypothesized that it is this thermal expansion of the substrate and probably also the interfacial water layer which pushes the graphene upwards. This was supported by the finding that in-situ prepared [ 115 ] as well as heated graphene samples with less interfacial water showed no tendency for foldings [ 116 ]. However, later Ochedowski et al investigated suspended graphene irradiated with SHI by means of TEM and found that the foldings are an intrinsic response of the graphene itself in the sense that they do occur even without a substrate [ 112 ].…”

Section: Defect Engineering By Particle Irradiation: State Of the mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…While the folding seems to be an intrinsic response of graphene, it also happens in other 2D materials such as single layer MoS

and hBN, both of which can be folded by grazing incidence SHI irradiation [ 116 ], see Figure 8 a. Although this might be considered surprising due to the vastly different electronic properties that suggest a strong influence on the effective energy density, it becomes understandable when taking into account that all of these experiments were done on supported samples.…”

Section: Defect Engineering By Particle Irradiation: State Of the mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

2D Material Science: Defect Engineering by Particle Irradiation

Schleberger

Kotakoski

2018

Materials

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Two-dimensional (2D) materials are at the heart of many novel devices due to their unique and often superior properties. For simplicity, 2D materials are often assumed to exist in their text-book form, i.e., as an ideal solid with no imperfections. However, defects are ubiquitous in macroscopic samples and play an important – if not imperative – role for the performance of any device. Thus, many independent studies have targeted the artificial introduction of defects into 2D materials by particle irradiation. In our view it would be beneficial to develop general defect engineering strategies for 2D materials based on a thorough understanding of the defect creation mechanisms, which may significantly vary from the ones relevant for 3D materials. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in defect engineering of 2D materials by electron and ion irradiation with a clear focus on defect creation on the atomic scale and by individual impacts. Whenever possible we compile reported experimental data alongside corresponding theoretical studies. We show that, on the one hand, defect engineering by particle irradiation covers a wide range of defect types that can be fabricated with great precision in the most commonly investigated 2D materials. On the other hand, gaining a complete understanding still remains a challenge, that can be met by combining advanced theoretical methods and improved experimental set-ups, both of which only now begin to emerge. In conjunction with novel 2D materials, this challenge promises attractive future opportunities for researchers in this field.

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Section: Defect Engineering By Particle Irradiation: State Of the mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…While the folding seems to be an intrinsic response of graphene, it also happens in other 2D materials such as single layer MoS

Section: Defect Engineering By Particle Irradiation: State Of the mentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Material Science: Defect Engineering by Particle Irradiation

Schleberger

Kotakoski

2018

Materials

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“…sputter cleaning), or generation phase or structural changes e.g. by etching of irradiation damage [1], fabrication of nano pore filter [2], creation of nanoscaled surface features [3][4][5][6][7]. The choice of mass and acceleration voltage of the ions affect the energy density, which is deposited in a sample and offers a way to choose between different energy transfer mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new setup for the investigation of swift heavy ion induced particle emission and surface modifications

Meinerzhagen

Breuer

Bukowska

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The irradiation with fast ions with kinetic energies of > 10 MeV leads to the deposition of a high amount of energy along their trajectory (up to several ten keV/nm). The energy is mainly transferred to the electronic subsystem and induces different secondary processes of excitations which result in significant material modifications. A new setup to study these ion induced effects on surfaces will be described in this paper. The setup combines a variable irradiation chamber with different techniques of surface characterizations like scanning probe microscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion and neutral mass spectrometry, as well as low energy electron diffraction under ultra high vacuum conditions, and is mounted at a beamline of the universal linear accelerator (UNILAC) of the GSI facility in Darmstadt, Germany.Here, samples can be irradiated with high-energy ions with a total kinetic energy up to several GeVs under different angles of incidence. Our setup enables the preparation and in-situ analysis of different types of sample systems ranging from metals to insulators. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry enables us to study the chemical composition of the surface, while scanning probe microscopy allows a detailed view into the local electrical and morphological conditions of the sample surface down to atomic scales. With the new setup particle emission during irradiation as well as persistent modifications of the surface after irradiation can thus be studied. We present first data obtained with the new setup, including a novel measuring protocol for time-of-flight mass spectrometry with the GSI UNILAC accelerator.2

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“…Finally, grazing incidence SHI irradiation has also been identified as a powerful tool for nanostructuring 2D materials like graphene and MoS2, when it was demonstrated that rupturing and so-called foldings could be produced in the controlled manner [34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%