Folates from metabolically engineered rice: A long-term study in rats

Kiekens, Filip; Blancquaert, Dieter; Devisscher, Lindsey; Daele, Jeroen Van; Stove, Veronique; Delanghe, Joris; Straeten, Dominique Van Der; Lambert, Willy E.; Stove, Christophe

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400590

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Therefore, one must take into consideration the breeding targets, target nutrients, and fortification criteria after accounting for loss during storage, milling, processing and cooking, as well as the limited bioavailability (FAO/WHO, 2001; Hotz and McClafferty, 2007). Several reports in maize, tomato and lettuce have demonstrated the potential of biofortification in alleviating vitamin deficiencies in human, by the means of ensuring an adequate uptake of nutrients (such as β-carotene and folates) from biofortified foods without processing and cooking (Tang et al, 2012; Castorena-Torres et al, 2014; Kiekens et al, 2015). For example, after cooking, the nutrients in biofortified crops retained equivalent bioavailability as synthetic compounds: the β-carotene in Golden Rice was considered as effective as that in oil in terms of vitamin A supply to children (Tang et al, 2012), and the natural folates from biofortified tomato or rice had the potential to improve folate status in human (Castorena-Torres et al, 2014; Kiekens et al, 2015).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Metabolic Pathways to Develop Vitamin-Enriched Crops for Human Health

et al. 2017

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Vitamin deficiencies are major forms of micronutrient deficiencies, and are associated with huge economic losses as well as severe physical and intellectual damages to humans. Much evidence has demonstrated that biofortification plays an important role in combating vitamin deficiencies due to its economical and effective delivery of nutrients to populations in need. Biofortification enables food plants to be enriched with vitamins through conventional breeding and/or biotechnology. Here, we focus on the progress in the manipulation of the vitamin metabolism, an essential part of biofortification, by the genetic modification or by the marker-assisted selection to understand mechanisms underlying metabolic improvement in food plants. We also propose to integrate new breeding technologies with metabolic pathway modification to facilitate biofortification in food plants and, thereby, to benefit human health.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Metabolic Pathways to Develop Vitamin-Enriched Crops for Human Health

et al. 2017

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“…Also, it has been suggested that it is a better folate source than folic acid, as it is already fully reduced (Lamers et al, 2006;Pietrzik et al, 2010). Thus, folates engineered in common bean grains have the potential to increase folate status in humans, if consumed, as demonstrated in biofortified tomato fruit and rice endosperm (Castorena-Torres et al, 2014;Kiekens et al, 2015). On the other hand, pteridine build-up has been a concern for human consumption, as HMPt is not part of the human pteridine metabolism.…”

Section: Folates Engineered In Bean Seeds Could Contribute To Alleviamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic engineering of folate and its precursors in Mexican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Rivera

García‐Salinas

Aragão

et al. 2016

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryFolate (vitamin B9) deficiency causes several health problems globally. However, folate biofortification of major staple crops is one alternative that can be used to improve vitamin intakes in populations at risk. We increased the folate levels in common bean by engineering the pteridine branch required for their biosynthesis. GTP cyclohydrolase I from Arabidopsis (AtGchI) was stably introduced into three common bean Pinto cultivars by particle bombardment. Seed‐specific overexpression of AtGCHI caused significant increases of up to 150‐fold in biosynthetic pteridines in the transformed lines. The pteridine boost enhanced folate levels in raw desiccated seeds by up to threefold (325 μg in a 100 g portion), which would represent 81% of the adult recommended daily allowance. Unexpectedly, the engineering also triggered a general increase in PABA levels, the other folate precursor. This was not observed in previous engineering studies and was probably caused by a feedforward mechanism that remains to be elucidated. Results from this work also show that common bean grains accumulate considerable amounts of oxidized pteridines that might represent products of folate degradation in desiccating seeds. Our study uncovers a probable different regulation of folate homoeostasis in these legume grains than that observed in other engineering works. Legumes are good sources of folates, and this work shows that they can be engineered to accumulate even greater amounts of folate that, when consumed, can improve folate status. Biofortification of common bean with folates and other micronutrients represents a promising strategy to improve the nutritional status of populations around the world.

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“…This potential opens the door to a multigene approach to increasing folate concentration in a variety of foods. Recently, the bioavailability of metabolically engineered folate-biofortified rice was demonstrated in rats [170]. Studies evaluating this cost-effective approach to folate supplementation in China [171] have suggested that folate-biofortified crops could be invaluable in addressing the incidence of folate deficiency in whole populations [172].…”

Section: Genetic Manipulation Of Folate (Vitamin B 9 ) Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Engineering for Global Food Security: Photosynthesis and Biofortification

Simkin

2019

Plants

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Increasing demands for food and resources are challenging existing markets, driving a need to continually investigate and establish crop varieties with improved yields and health benefits. By the later part of the century, current estimates indicate that a >50% increase in the yield of most of the important food crops including wheat, rice and barley will be needed to maintain food supplies and improve nutritional quality to tackle what has become known as ‘hidden hunger’. Improving the nutritional quality of crops has become a target for providing the micronutrients required in remote communities where dietary variation is often limited. A number of methods to achieve this have been investigated over recent years, from improving photosynthesis through genetic engineering, to breeding new higher yielding varieties. Recent research has shown that growing plants under elevated [CO2] can lead to an increase in Vitamin C due to changes in gene expression, demonstrating one potential route for plant biofortification. In this review, we discuss the current research being undertaken to improve photosynthesis and biofortify key crops to secure future food supplies and the potential links between improved photosynthesis and nutritional quality.

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Folates from metabolically engineered rice: A long-term study in rats

Abstract: Using an animal model, we demonstrated that biofortified folate rice is a valuable source of dietary folate, as evidenced by folate determination in plasma and RBCs, the alleviation of anemia and counteraction of pronounced hyperhomocysteinemia.

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Manipulation of Metabolic Pathways to Develop Vitamin-Enriched Crops for Human Health

Manipulation of Metabolic Pathways to Develop Vitamin-Enriched Crops for Human Health

Metabolic engineering of folate and its precursors in Mexican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Genetic Engineering for Global Food Security: Photosynthesis and Biofortification

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