Folate status in type 2 diabetic patients with&amp;nbsp;and without retinopathy

Malaguarnera, Michele; Gagliano, Caterina; Salomone, Salvatore; Giordano, Maria; Bucolo, Claudio; Pappalardo, A; Drago, Filippo; Caraci, Filippo; Avitabile, Teresio; Motta, Massimo

doi:10.2147/opth.s77538

Cited by 42 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“… 170 The authors found an association between folic acid/vitamin B6/vitamin B12 supplementation and protection against AMD development. An ongoing clinical study is also investigating the effects of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 supplementation on the progression of DR. 171 Folic acid is an upstream methyl donor for DNA methylation; vitamins B6 and B12 are involved as cofactors in the process of transferring the methyl group indirectly from folic acid to the DNA. Recent data suggest an association between dietary folic acid intake and global methylation levels.…”

Section: Future Directions: Epigenetics As Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Aging Human Retina

Pennington

DeAngelis

2015

J Exp Neurosci

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Degenerative retinal diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, have complex etiologies with environmental, genetic, and epigenetic contributions to disease pathology. Much effort has gone into elucidating both the genetic and the environmental risk factors for these retinal diseases. However, little is known about how these genetic and environmental risk factors bring about molecular changes that lead to pathology. Epigenetic mechanisms have received extensive attention of late for their promise of bridging the gap between environmental exposures and disease development via their influence on gene expression. Recent studies have identified epigenetic changes that associate with the incidence and/or progression of each of these retinal diseases. Therefore, these epigenetic modifications may be involved in the underlying pathological mechanisms leading to blindness. Further genome-wide epigenetic studies that incorporate well-characterized tissue samples, consider challenges similar to those relevant to gene expression studies, and combine the genome-wide epigenetic data with genome-wide genetic and expression data to identify additional potentially causative agents of disease are needed. Such studies will allow researchers to create much-needed therapeutics to prevent and/or intervene in disease progression. Improved therapeutics will greatly enhance the quality of life and reduce the burden of disease management for millions of patients living with these potentially blinding conditions.

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Section: Future Directions: Epigenetics As Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Aging Human Retina

Pennington

DeAngelis

2015

J Exp Neurosci

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“…There is evidence that pregnant women are at risk of folate deficiency due to an increased demand for FA . Moreover, hyperglycemia has been linked to reduced levels of FA . Thus, the risk of congenital malformations because of a FA‐deficient environment caused by hyperglycemic pregnancy may only worsen when combined with a genetic impairment in maternal folate metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…58,63 Moreover, hyperglycemia has been linked to reduced levels of FA. 59,60,64 Thus, the risk of congenital malformations because of a FA-deficient environment caused by hyperglycemic pregnancy may only worsen when combined with a genetic impairment in maternal folate metabolism. Our preliminary experiments in vitro demonstrated that the phenotype of the embryos was affected by the presence of high levels of glucose, although the incidence of cranial or spinal NTDs did not increase when high glucose and high homocysteine conditions were combined.…”

Section: Embryonic But Not Maternal Folate Genetics Interaction Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of maternal diabetes with mutations that affect folate metabolism and how they affect the development of neural tube defects in mice

López-Escobar

Wlodarczyk

Caro-Vega

et al. 2019

Developmental Dynamics

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Background Abnormalities in maternal folate and carbohydrate metabolism have both been shown to induce neural tube defects (NTDs) in humans and animal models. Nevertheless, how these two factors might interact in the development of NTDs remains unclear. Results In specific mouse models and embryo culture systems, we assessed the effects of combining maternal diabetes with mutations in genes involved in folate transport and metabolism (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [Mthfr] and folic acid receptor 1 [Folr1]). When maternal hyperglycemia is combined with alterations in folic acid metabolism, there appears to be an increase in the incidence of congenital malformations in the offspring, with NTDs representing the majority of the malformations detected. Conclusions The teratogenic effects of diabetes during pregnancy are exacerbated when combined with altered embryonic folate metabolism.

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“…With regard to diabetic retinopathy, a direct effect has been demonstrated for folate deficiency by destabilizing the genes by demethylation, a source of aggravation of the retinal proliferative process [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infra-Clinical Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Microangiopathic Profile, is this a New Risk Factor in Type 2 Diabetics? Algerian Experience

2018

IJDMD

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Introduction:Type 2 diabetes has multifactorial complications, in which hyperhomocysteinemia is an emerging risk factor that may be secondary to various conditions such as vitamin B12 deficiency, which appears oftenly as an asymptomatic setting and less specific in diabetics. Vitamin B12 deficiency definition has been revisited because its level does not reflect the intracellular status of vitamin B12, and an intracellular cofactor must be included systematically. Subclinical deficiency of vitamin B12 has recently been identified as a new clinic-biological entity that can affect micro and macro-angiopathic complications of diabetes indirectly through hyperhomocysteinemia.Materials and methods: 40 diabetic patients were screened for an infra-clinicalvitaminB12 deficiency subdivided into two groups each containing 16 patients, the first group having a deficit and the second having a normal level of vitamin B12. They were compared according to the frequency of micro-antipathy (retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy).Results: No significant difference was found for the different microangiopathic lesions; nevertheless the subclinical deficit seems to be a risk factor for peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion:In this study with a very modest sample. We attempted to approach the link between the borderline deficit of vitamin B12 and micro-angiopathic complications. In these results, even though the risk trend does not seem to be developing, the prospects for more extensive studies, both prospective and fundamental, should be encouraged.

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Folate status in type 2 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy

Cited by 42 publications

References 26 publications

Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Aging Human Retina

Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Aging Human Retina

The interaction of maternal diabetes with mutations that affect folate metabolism and how they affect the development of neural tube defects in mice

Infra-Clinical Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Microangiopathic Profile, is this a New Risk Factor in Type 2 Diabetics? Algerian Experience

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