Fogwater chemistry in an urban atmosphere

Munger, J. William; Jacob, Daniel; Waldman, Jed M.; Hoffmann, Michael R.

doi:10.1029/jc088ic09p05109

Cited by 302 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In polluted high-latitude regions during winter, aqueousphase sulfate formation by molecular oxygen (O 2 ) catalyzed by transition metals (mainly Fe and Mn) is also a significant pathway (Alexander et al, 2009;Munger et al, 1983;McCabe et al, 2006). Also, SO 2− 4 forms through heterogeneous-phase oxidation by O 3 on alkaline sea salt (Chameides and Stelson, 1992) and dust (Usher et al, 2003) aerosols.…”

Section: Oxygen Isotopic Composition Of Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ17O(SO42–)

2011

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Abstract. We use a global three-dimensional chemical transport model to quantify the influence of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production mechanisms and oxidant concentrations constrained by observations of the oxygen isotopic composition ( ). Additional model simulations are conducted to explore the sensitivity of the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate to uncertainties in the preindustrial emissions of oxidant precursors.

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Section: Oxygen Isotopic Composition Of Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ17O(SO42–)

2011

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“…However, the fog samples in excess of anion might contain some heavy metal ions, such as iron and so on. 17 Oblique rotational factor analysis A data matrix of fog for a factor analysis was prepared from samples from both 1998 and 1999. Figure 3 shows the result of an oblique rotational factor analysis 8 which evaluated the three factors in ion-balanced fog water and comprised 86.4% of the entire data.…”

Section: Relationship Between the Concentrations Of Various Ions And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ionic Pollutants of Acid Fog and Rain Using a Factor Analysis and Back Trajectories

et al. 2001

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Recently, acid precipitation is receiving global interest because it affects terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. 1,2 Our research group has studied 3-7 the acid precipitation of Hyogo and Akita prefectures in Japan, combining a chemical analysis of the ionic substances with meteorological situations, and has analyzed pollutants by a factor analysis. [3][4][5][6][7] Furthermore, investigations for the fog on a mountain ridge showed by a factor analysis that a fog droplet had some soluble pollutants (e.g. (NH4)2SO4, seasalt, H2SO4 and HNO3), and that the uptake mechanism by a fog droplet would be different for each pollutant.It is well-known that fog/cloud water is more acidic and has a higher concentration of pollutants than rain water. 5,9-11 Nevertheless, prior attempts 15,16 to elucidate the mechanisms of fog acidification, especially the behavior of the ionic substances in the fog droplets, have not been quantitatively conclusive. There has been no investigation, moreover, concerning where the air pollutants specified by employing the oblique rotational factor analysis 3,4,6,12 are transferred.Our purpose here was threefold. First, by using an oblique rotational factor analysis, we examined the observed drop size dependence of the chemical composition during fog events at Akita Hachimantai mountain range from June to September of 1998 and 1999. Second, we evaluated the transport of some air pollutants in combination with ionic substances which were quantitatively extracted from a factor analysis developed by our research group, 3,4 with a 72 h back trajectory at the 850 hPa level and from the point of view of a synoptic weather system. Third, from the feature of chemical composition of fog or rain, which was non-ion-balanced, we tried to estimate unknown soluble chemical species. ExperimentalFog water was collected on a mountainside (39˚56′N, 140˚51′E, 1465 m, a.s.l.) of Mt. Mokkodake (1578 m, a.s.l.) in the Akita Hachimantai mountain range from June to September of 1998 and 1999 (Fig. 1) Fog and rain water samples were collected at the same time in the Akita Hachimantai mountain range in northern Japan from June to September in 1998 and 1999. The various ion concentrations in these samples were analyzed, and the fog droplet sizes were measured for each fog event. As the fog droplet size increased, the ion concentration decreased. The slope of log-log plots of the concentration versus the droplet size differed with the kind of ion. In order to characterize the air pollutant, moreover, these data were quantitatively analyzed by an oblique rotational factor analysis. We found that three factors were extracted as the air pollutant source: (NH4)2SO4, acids (HNO3 + H2SO4) and sea-salt. Combining the factor analysis with the 72 h back-trajectory at 850 hPa level, we found that the contribution of each factor varied with the transport pattern of air masses.

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“…Similarly, stratus cloudwater at Henninger Flats, California, (25 km northeast of Los Angeles), which is typically highly acidic and concentrated in inorganic pollutants, 38 contained 1.4-1.8 mg L" 1 free HCHO, 10 comparable to the mid-range of Corvallis fogwater concentrations. However, concentrations of free HCHO in Lennox, Oildale and Upland, California, which are all near heavy industries or oil recovery operations, ranged from 4.6-14.4 mg L" 1 , 8 higher than Corvallis concentrations.…”

Section: Organic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Some of this formic acid probably was produced from HCHO. Formaldehyde can also form addition complexes with other compounds, such as bisulfite, 8 whose concentrations may have been increasing in the atmosphere during the stagnant conditions. Thus, as time went on, a larger proportion of HCHO may have been present in bound form, but the analytical method measured free, rather than bound, HCHO.…”

Section: Organic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fogwater Chemistry in a Wood-Burning Community, Western Oregon

Muir

1991

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Fogwater chemistry in an urban atmosphere

Abstract: Analyses of fogwater collected by inertial impaction in the Los

Cited by 302 publications

References 44 publications

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ<sup>17</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>)

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ<sup>17</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>)

Evaluation of Ionic Pollutants of Acid Fog and Rain Using a Factor Analysis and Back Trajectories

Fogwater Chemistry in a Wood-Burning Community, Western Oregon

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Fogwater chemistry in an urban atmosphere

Abstract: Analyses of fogwater collected by inertial impaction in the Los

Cited by 302 publications

References 44 publications

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O(SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2–&lt;/sup&gt;)

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O(SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2–&lt;/sup&gt;)

Evaluation of Ionic Pollutants of Acid Fog and Rain Using a Factor Analysis and Back Trajectories

Fogwater Chemistry in a Wood-Burning Community, Western Oregon

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The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ<sup>17</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>)

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ<sup>17</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>)