Fogwater chemistry at Riverside, California

Munger, J. William; Collett, Jeff; Daube, Bruce C.; Hoffmann, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/0957-1272(90)90025-p

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Kapoor et al (1992) and Schemenauer and Cereceda (1992) found the pH of fogwater varied between 6.2 and 6.9 at Delhi, north India, and between 7.0 and 7.9 on the Arabian Peninsula, respectively. In contrast, in temperate areas much lower pH values have been reported, 2.0-4.0 at the Los Angeles basin, 2.3-5.7 at Riverside, California (Munger et al, 1990), 3.7-5.8 at the Lägeren, Switzerland (Burkard et al, 2003).…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Fog-and Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 95%

Fog- and Rainwater Chemistry in the Tropical Seasonal Rain Forest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

Liu

Meng

et al. 2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Abstract. Fogwater, fog drip and rainwater chemistry were examined at a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, southwest China between November 2001 and October 2002. During the period of observation, 204 days with the occurrence of radiation fog were observed and the total duration of fog was 1949 h, of which 1618 h occurred in the dry season (November to April), accounting for 37.0% of the time during the season. The mean pH of fogwater, fog drip and rainwater were 6.78, 7.30, and 6.13, respectively. The ion with the highest concentration for fog-and rainwater was HCO , and K + in fogwater samples collected in the dry season were significantly greater when compared to those collected in the rainy season. It was found that the ionic concentrations in fog drip were higher than those in fogwater, except for NH + 4 and H + , which was attributed to the washout of the soil-and ash-oriented ions deposited on the leaves and the alkaline ionic emissions by the leaves, since biomass burns are very common in the region and nearby road was widening.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Fog-and Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 95%

Fog- and Rainwater Chemistry in the Tropical Seasonal Rain Forest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

Liu

Meng

et al. 2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Hence the study of chemical composition of fog water and the contribution of fog droplets to total chemical deposition has become a relevant environmental subject. Numerous investigators have investigated the mechanisms responsible for the chemical composition of fogwaters and the origin of the chemical components (Collett et al , 1999Fuzzi et al 1985Fuzzi et al , 1992aFuzzi et al , b, 1996Jacob and Hoffmann 1983;Jacob et al 1984Jacob et al , 1985Jacob et al , 1986aJohnson et al 1987;Munger et al 1990;Waldman and Hoffmann 1987). In India, very few studies have been conducted on fog water and dew deposition (Kapoor et al 1993;Khare et al 2001;Khemani et al 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several of the studies suggest that clouds/fogs may act as chemical processors of important acid precursors (Fuzzi et al 1996;Jacob et al 1986a, b;Munger et al 1990;Wisniewski 1982). Fog droplets are formed by condensation of water vapor on activated aerosol particles as the atmospheric temperature decreases and relative humidity increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fog is thus a multiphase atmospheric system in which gaseous species, liquid solution (droplets, wet aerosol) and dry particulate matter coexist and processes such as nucleation, gas scavenging and liquid phase reactions occur simultaneously. Fog has also attracted attention from the scientific community as a potential deposition mechanism (Fuzzi et al 1996;Jacob et al 1986a, b;Munger et al 1990). Hence the study of chemical composition of fog water and the contribution of fog droplets to total chemical deposition has become a relevant environmental subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemistry of fogs at Agra, India: Influence of soil particulates and atmospheric gases

Lakhani

Parmar

Satsangi

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Fog water samples were collected in the months of December and January during 1998-2000 at Agra, India. The samples were analyzed for pH, major anions (F(-), Cl(-), SO(4) (2-), NO(3) (-), HCOO(-) and CH(3)COO(-)), major cations (Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+) and K(+)) and NH(4) (+) using ion chromatography, ICP-AES and spectrophotometer methods, respectively. pH of fog water samples ranged between 7.0 and 7.6 with a volume weighted mean of 7.2, indicating its alkaline characteristic. NH(4) (+) contributed 40%, SO(4) (2-) and NO(3) (-) accounted for 28%, while Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+) and K(+) accounted for 16% of the total ionic concentration. The ratios of Mg(2+)/Ca(2+) and Na(+)/Ca(2+) in fog water indicates that 50-75% of fog water samples correspond to the respective ratios in local soil. Significant correlation between Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+) and K(+) suggests their soil origin. The order of neutralization, NH(4) (+) (1.4) > Ca(2+) (0.28) > Mg(2+) (0.12), indicates that NH(4) (+) is the major neutralizing species. Fog water and atmospheric alkalinity were also computed and were found to be 873 and 903 neqm(-3), respectively. Both of these values are higher than values reported from temperate sites and thus indicate that at the present level of pollutants, there is no risk of acid fog problem. The study also shows that the alkaline nature of fog water is due to dissolution of ammonia gas and partly due to interaction of fog water with soil derived aerosols.

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“…Setting acid exposure standards in southern California is complicated by the fact that nitric acid (HNO,) is the dominant form of acid present in that region (Munger et al, 1990). Considerably less is known about the possible adverse health effects of HN03, either alone or in combination with 0,, than about those of H, SO, .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%