Fog-computing-based radio access networks: issues and challenges

Abstract

A fog computing based radio access network (F-RAN) is presented in this article as a promising paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system to provide high spectral and energy efficiency. The core idea is to take full advantages of local radio signal processing, cooperative radio resource management, and distributed storing capabilities in edge devices, which can decrease the heavy burden on fronthaul and avoid large-scale radio signal processing in the centralized baseband unit pool. This article comprehensively presents the system architecture and key techniques of F-RANs.In particular, key techniques and their corresponding solutions, including transmission mode selection and interference suppression, are discussed. Open issues in terms of edge caching, software-defined networking, and network function virtualization, are also identified. SUBMIT TO IEEE NETWORK, VOL. X, NO. Y, MON. 2015 2 I. INTRODUCTIONCompared to the fourth generation (4G) wireless communication system, the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system should achieve system capacity growth by a factor of at least 1000, and the energy efficiency (EE) growth by a factor of at least 10 [1]. To achieve these goals, the cloud radio access network (C-RAN) has been proposed as a combination of emerging technologies from both the wireless and the information technology industries by incorporating cloud computing into radio access networks (RANs) [2]. C-RANs have come with their own challenges in the constrained fronthaul and centralized baseband unit (BBU) pool. A prerequisite requirement for the centralized processing in the BBU pool is an inter-connection fronthaul with high bandwidth and low latency. Unfortunately, the practical fronthaul is often capacity and time-delay constrained, which has a significant decrease on spectral efficiency (SE) and EE gains.To overcome the disadvantages of C-RANs with the fronthaul constraints, heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRANs) have been proposed in [3]. The user and control planes are decoupled in such networks, where high power nodes (HPNs) are mainly used to provide seamless coverage and execute the functions of control plane, while remote radio heads (RRHs) are deployed to provide high speed data rate for the packet traffic transmission in the user plane. HPNs are connected to the BBU pool via the backhaul links for interference coordination. Unfortunately, H-CRANs are still challenging in practice. First, since the location based social applications become more and more popular, the traffic data over the fronthaul between RRHs and the centralized BBU pool surges a lot of redundant information, which worsens the fronthaul constraints. Besides, H-CRANs do not take full advantage of processing and storage capabilities in edge devices, such as RRHs and "smart" user equipments (UEs), which is a promising approach to successfully alleviate the burden of the fronthaul and BBU pool. Moreover, operators need to deploy a huge number of fixed RRHs and HPNs in H-CRANs...

Software Defined Millimeter Wave 5th Generation Communications System

“…Groups in CCE are basically organizations or industries or academics or various types of groups which are using CCE. Through CCS users or groups can obtain data storage on the network and can use or access other computing applications or resources in CCE [4][5][6][7]. The CCE provides major deployment models:…”

“…CCE is useful for saving users, group users and organizations data and saves the cost and time. CCE allows user to access the files smoothly and allows organizations to function much simpler and easy manner by providing facility to access the data from anywhere in personal or public or group mode [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…Due to the flexibility of Software defined millimeter wave 5G communication system proposed solution will give high secure system as per demand and need [3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…Fog Computing Environment (FCE) is an emerging trend to provide user or group data processing among number of Internet of Flying-Things (IoT) based connected devices along with the link in Cloud Computing Environment (CCE) [4][5][6][7]. The FCE and CCE is situated under software defined millimeter wave (SDMW) based 5G millimeter wave (MW) wireless communication system.…”

“…In this paper we are discussing basics of Fog Computing Environment (FCE) and Cloud Computing Environment (CCE) and discussing about security in CCE and FCE perspective. Further this paper discusses, about Row Column Diagonal (RCD) based security engine for Fog Computing Data (FCD) and Cloud Computing Data (CCD) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”