FŒTAL THYMIC TRANSPLANT IN A CASE OF DiGEORGE'S SYNDROME

A higher incidence of malignancy as well as greater susceptibility to infection has been found to be associated with primary immunodeficiencies. An increased incidence of leukemia has been associated with X-linked infantile agammaglobulinemia-an isolated defect of humoral immunities. An increased frequency of a wide variety of malignancies have been found to accompany several different forms of primary immunodeficiency. Secondary immunodeficiencies produced by immunosuppressant therapy to facilitate renal transplantation have also been found to have far too much cancer to be explained by chance assocaition. Many experimental associations between immunity and malignancy have also been encountered, indicating that these two adaptive processes have an essential relationship that must be elucidated.

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“…Bone marrow transplantation (92), thymic transplantation (93,94), and the use of transfer factor (95) …”

Section: Malignancy In the Wiskott-aldrich Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between Immunity and Malignancy

Good

1972

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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“…Our present observations also appear to have clinical relevance since evidence of rejection of the restoring thymus graft in the treated humans affected with the DiGeorge syndrome has been obtained (W. W. Cleveland, personal communication). Two such children were apparently restored by the thymus grafting (29,30) and from findings here it may be predicted that the restoration will not be permanent in the absence of thymic function if the restoring grafts were indeed rejected. Perhaps a second grafting of thymus will be required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Studies on Thymus Function

Stutman

Yunis

Good

1972

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Immunological functions can be restored in neonatally thymectomized mice with transplants of allogeneic or hemiallogeneic thymus (1-5) or functional thymoma grafts (7). In certain strain combinations, the thymectomized hosts eventually reject the restoring grafts after a period of temporary growth (5-7). Since these mice, although immunologically reconstituted, have no thymic function, long-term studies on the persistence of the thymus-dependent immune capacities were performed. I t was predicted that in the absence of the thymus the restored immune functions should decay with time, mimmicking the influence of adult thymectomy on immune capacity (8-10). A decrease with time of thymusdependent immune functions was indeed observed after restoration in the absence of thymus. Whether the animals rejected spontaneously the restoring allogeneic graft or were subjected to surgical excision of syngeneic thynaus grafts after a period of temporary growth, a marked decline of immune functions was found when the animals were tested at 200-600 days of age. This decrease of the immune functions was more profound than the physiological decay of immunity observed in normal animals of similar age. Our findings indicate that the continuous presence of the thymus is essential for the long-term maintenance of the immunological apparatus responsible for the thymus-dependent immune responses. Materials and MethodsMice.--Inbred mice of C3Hf, A, CBA, and C57BL/1 strains and their F1 hybrids were used. These mice are derived from the colony of the late Doctors J. J. Bittner and C. Martinez and have been rigorously inbred. Details on the strains and of animal care have been described in previous publications (7).

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“…Although the procedure resulted in T-cell recon-were promptly ameliorated. Cleveland et al [57] also reported the implantation of three thymus fragments derived from a 13-wk fetus into a 7-mo-old male infant. Although no XX cells were identified in the host, the infant's immunological data and ability to resist infection suggested that his immunological function was reconstituted by the fetal transplants [57] .…”

Section: 'S To Mid-1980'smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cleveland et al [57] also reported the implantation of three thymus fragments derived from a 13-wk fetus into a 7-mo-old male infant. Although no XX cells were identified in the host, the infant's immunological data and ability to resist infection suggested that his immunological function was reconstituted by the fetal transplants [57] . Another article reported that the combined transplantation of the fetal thymus and liver resulted in effective immunological reconstitution in a presumed case of DiGeorge syndrome [58] .…”

Section: 'S To Mid-1980'smentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal stem cell transplantation: Past, present, and future

Ishii

Eto

2014

WJSC

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Since 1928, human fetal tissues and stem cells have been used worldwide to treat various conditions. Although the transplantation of the fetal midbrain substantia nigra and dopaminergic neurons in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease is particularly noteworthy, the history of other types of grafts, such as those of the fetal liver, thymus, and pancreas, should be addressed as there are many lessons to be learnt for future stem cell transplantation. This report describes previous practices and complications that led to current clinical trials of isolated fetal stem cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Moreover, strategies for transplantation are considered, with a particular focus on donor cells, cell processing, and the therapeutic cell niche, in addition to ethical issues associated with fetal origin. With the advent of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells and ES cells, clinical dependence on fetal transplantation is expected to gradually decline due to lasting ethical controversies, despite landmark achievements.

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FŒTAL THYMIC TRANSPLANT IN A CASE OF DiGEORGE'S SYNDROME

Cited by 224 publications

References 9 publications

Relations between Immunity and Malignancy

Relations between Immunity and Malignancy

Studies on Thymus Function

Fetal stem cell transplantation: Past, present, and future

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