Foetal Autopsy-Categories and Causes of Death

Fatima, Urooj; Sherwani, Rana K; Khan, Tahir Ullah; Zaheer, Sufian

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/9226.4920

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Uroos Fatima et al studied 14 fetal autopsies and found out that placental causes predominate with 43.6% cases followed by fetal causes with 35.7%. [11]. our study also shows similar results with predominant placental pathologies followed by fetal pathology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pathological findings associated with stillborn babies

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Fetal death rate and Perinatal Mortality rate are important indicators of a country's Health care system. Stillbirth forms a prime contributing factor in deciding these rates. But the causes of Stillbirth and autopsy findings associated with Stillbirth remains a gray zone. The aim of this study is to analyse the pathological autopsy findings associated with spontaneously expelled stillbirth babies and placenta. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in Department of Pathology, Govt. Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai for a period of 1 and half years. 29 Stillborn cases were received in our department during this period. Fetal autopsy was done in these cases by using a standard protocol. The external, internal examination findings and histopathological findings of both fetus and Placenta were analysed and compared with the Antenatal clinical findings. Results: Stillbirth is more common in the third trimester constituting 72.4% cases and peaks at 27-30 weeks of gestation. Placental pathology is more frequently associated with stillbirth with 44.8% followed by Fetal causes with 34.5% and maternal causes identified in 6.9% cases. In the second trimester stillbirths fetal causes are common and in third trimester placental pathologies were common. Among the fetal causes, congenital anamolies are seen in all cases with CNS and Kidney anamolies being the commonest. Among the Placental causes, placental infarct is seen in most of the cases. In 13.8% cases, no pathology identified even after complete autopsy. Conclusion: A Complete schematic autopsy of fetus and placenta along with a good knowledge and correlation of pathological and clinical findings help in arriving at a diagnosis of cause of fetal demise. A correct diagnosis of the cause of stillbirth can alleviate parents worries and helps the clinician in deciding the counselling, care and management of future pregnancies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pathological findings associated with stillborn babies

et al. 2016

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“…In studies in which the causes of stillbirth were investigated with fetal autopsy, the most common cause was reported as problems related with the placenta (placental failure and umbilical cord complications). This was followed by congenital anomalies and maternal causes (e.g., preeclampsia, sepsis) (28,29). It has been reported that maternal and pregnancy-related causes or perinatal causes were observed more frequently as a cause of stillbirth in underdeveloped and developing countries, whereas causes that were difficult to prevent, including severe prematurity (<32 GWs) became prominent in developed countries (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of stillbirths in İstanbul by examining death certificates

et al. 2017

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Aim: Despite the fact that the frequency of stillbirth is estimated to be about the same as that of early neonatal deaths, stillbirth records and statistics are not kept on a regular basis worldwide and their causes cannot be determined. The aim of our study was to examine the causes and characteristics of stillbirths in Istanbul. Material and Methods:All death certificates of 2011 archived in 8 District Cemetery Directorships, which manage 322 cemeteries within the boundaries of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, were examined. Based on the burial licences, weight, gestational weeks, the main cause and causes of death related to stillbirth were analyzed. Cervical insufficieny, placenta abnormalities, preeclampsia, complications of multiple pregnancy, chronic diseases of mothers, conditions including malignancy in mothers were evaluated under the title of "maternal and gestational causes." Intrapartum infections, meconium aspiration, and asphyxia were evaluated under the title of "perinatal causes."Results: A total of 2078 stillbirths and 128 abortus records were found among the death certificates. Nineteen of the abortus records and 109 stillbirths were misidentified. A total of 1988 stillbirth records were examined, of which 68.4% were low-birth-weight babies (<2 500 g). Approximately three quarters of the stillbirths were mild preterm and extremely preterm babies, whereas 10% were at or more than 37 gestastional weeks. The cause of death was not known in 30% of the stillbirths. Conclusions:The cause of death was not known in a significant portion of stillbirths in Istanbul. Recordings should be made more meticulosuly directed to the cause of death. The cause of stillbirth in term babies is another research subject. Regional and global epidemiologic studies are needed to understand the causes of stillbirths and thus to take necessary precautions. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2017; 52: 92-7)

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“…The early deaths are referred to as abortions and the late and intermediate deaths are termed together as Intra uterine deaths (IUD) or still births. [1] Congenital anomalies are an important cause of mortality in developing countries. Improvement in prenatal care can reduce the incidence to substantial amount.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] IUD contributes substantially to perinatal mortality thus proving to be a good indicator of quality of antenatal care provided and also to assess the amount of pregnancy loss. [1] The main objectives of the foetal autopsy include identification the gestational age and congenital abnormalities, document growth and development, assess and establish the cause of death and probable risk of recurrence. [4] Our study was hence performed to identify the prevalent causes of IUD on foetal autopsies in our region, categorise them based on causes and thus help in taking essential steps to reduce the IUD by improvising the prenatal care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Years of Foetal Autopsies in A Peripheral Teaching HospitalA Retrospective Analysis

Subashchandrabose

Parthasarathy

Chitra

2019

APALM

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Materials and Methods After obtaining the institutional ethics committee, this retrospective study on 28 foetal autopsies performed in the department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, over a period of three years from November 2012 to November 2015 was performed. The cases, for which all the autopsy data were available, were included in the study. Macerated and autolyzed foetuses were excluded from the study. All the details in autopsy reports including gestational age, sex of the foetus, external examination findings, anthropometric measurements, internal examination findings, findings of the examination of head & neck, brain and spinal cord, results of examination of placenta and umbilical cord were retrieved from the departmental achieves and analysed. Cunningham & Hollier classification [5] was used to divide cases into foetal, placental or maternal categories as: Foetal (25-40%)-chromosomal anomalies, non-chromosomal birth defects, non-immune hydrops, infections; Placental (25-35%)-abruption, foetal-maternal haemorrhage, cord accident, placental insufficiency, intra partum asphyxia, placenta previa, twin to twin transfusion, chorioamnionitis; Maternal (5-10%)-diabetes, hypertensive disorders, trauma, abnormal labour, sepsis, uterine rupture, postterm pregnancy, drugs, antiphospholipid antibodies, unexplained.

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Foetal Autopsy-Categories and Causes of Death

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Pathological findings associated with stillborn babies

Pathological findings associated with stillborn babies

An evaluation of stillbirths in İstanbul by examining death certificates

Four Years of Foetal Autopsies in A Peripheral Teaching HospitalA Retrospective Analysis

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