Focusing of X-ray free-electron laser pulses with reflective optics

Yumoto, Hirokatsu; Mimura, Hidekazu; Koyama, Takahisa; Matsuyama, Satoshi; Tono, Kensuke; Togashi, Tadashi; Inubushi, Yuichi; Sato, Takahiro; Tanaka, Takashi; Kimura, Takashi; Yokoyama, Hikaru; Kim, Jangwoo; Sano, Yasuhisa; Hachisu, Yousuke; Yabashi, Makina; Ohashi, Haruhiko; Ohmori, Hitoshi; Ishikawa, Tetsuya; Yamauchi, Kazuto

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.306

Cited by 254 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Serial femtosecond nanocrystallography [2][3][4][5] and imaging of individual proteins and viruses at atomic resolution call for higher intensity and shorter X-ray pulses [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , which will allow an image to be acquired before radiation damage destroys the sample. Advances in X-ray focusing capabilities 16 and XFEL peak brightness 17 suggest that a regime of multiple photons absorbed per atom, with dramatic radiation damage occurring within the 10-100 fs X-ray pulse duration, is likely to be reached in the next few years. This regime is essential to achieve the goal of single-particle imaging at the ångström scale in samples lacking crystal structure to give rise to diffraction peaks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Femtosecond X-ray-induced explosion of C60 at extreme intensity

et al. 2014

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Understanding molecular femtosecond dynamics under intense X-ray exposure is critical to progress in biomolecular imaging and matter under extreme conditions. Imaging viruses and proteins at an atomic spatial scale and on the time scale of atomic motion requires rigorous, quantitative understanding of dynamical effects of intense X-ray exposure. Here we present an experimental and theoretical study of C 60 molecules interacting with intense X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser, revealing the influence of processes not previously reported. Our work illustrates the successful use of classical mechanics to describe all moving particles in C 60 , an approach that scales well to larger systems, for example, biomolecules. Comparisons of the model with experimental data on C 60 ion fragmentation show excellent agreement under a variety of laser conditions. The results indicate that this modelling is applicable for X-ray interactions with any extended system, even at higher X-ray dose rates expected with future light sources.

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confidence: 99%

Femtosecond X-ray-induced explosion of C60 at extreme intensity

et al. 2014

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“…The membranes were mounted into the MAXIC installed at EH3 of SACLA. Individual XFEL pulses, set at 5.5 keV, were focussed to a size of B1.5 mm via the K-B mirrors 33 . RNAi microsponges randomly mounted on the membrane were exposed to XFEL pulses by scanning the focused X-ray beams across the membrane window.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pulse energy was 100 mJ at the sample position, with o ± 7% variation in pulse energy based on the average of 30 pulses. The pulsed X-rays were focused by a pair of K-B mirrors to a 1.5-mm-diameter spot at the focal point, delivering B1.1 Â 10 11 photons in each pulse (B10 GW) 33 . Speckle patterns were obtained through single-shot exposures, now without the influence of radiation-induced distortions.…”

Section: Article Nature Communications | Doi: 101038/ncomms4798mentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular structures probed by combining single-shot free-electron laser diffraction with synchrotron coherent X-ray imaging

et al. 2014

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Nanostructures formed from biological macromolecular complexes utilizing the self-assembly properties of smaller building blocks such as DNA and RNA hold promise for many applications, including sensing and drug delivery. New tools are required for their structural characterization. Intense, femtosecond X-ray pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers enable single-shot imaging allowing for instantaneous views of nanostructures at ambient temperatures. When combined judiciously with synchrotron X-rays of a complimentary nature, suitable for observing steady-state features, it is possible to perform ab initio structural investigation. Here we demonstrate a successful combination of femtosecond X-ray single-shot diffraction with an X-ray free-electron laser and coherent diffraction imaging with synchrotron X-rays to provide an insight into the nanostructure formation of a biological macromolecular complex: RNA interference microsponges. This newly introduced multimodal analysis with coherent X-rays can be applied to unveil nano-scale structural motifs from functional nanomaterials or biological nanocomplexes, without requiring a priori knowledge.

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“…Reducing the feature size of a microchip from 42 to 10 nm using the ultraviolet lithography technique requires that the key optical element of the lithography system needs a flatness of 2 nm across an area of 30 cm [10]. An advanced laser system demands high-quality microlens arrays to enhance the laser intensity [11][12][13][14]. The development of space telescopes calls for ultra-precision, large-scale glass lens to explore the universe [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision glass molding: Toward an optimal fabrication of optical lenses

Zhang

Liu

2017

Front. Mech. Eng.

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It is costly and time consuming to use machining processes, such as grinding, polishing and lapping, to produce optical glass lenses with complex features. Precision glass molding (PGM) has thus been developed to realize an efficient manufacture of such optical components in a single step. However, PGM faces various technical challenges. For example, a PGM process must be carried out within the super-cooled region of optical glass above its glass transition temperature, in which the material has an unstable non-equilibrium structure. Within a narrow window of allowable temperature variation, the glass viscosity can change from 10 5 to 10 12 Pa$s due to the kinetic fragility of the super-cooled liquid. This makes a PGM process sensitive to its molding temperature. In addition, because of the structural relaxation in this temperature window, the atomic structure that governs the material properties is strongly dependent on time and thermal history. Such complexity often leads to residual stresses and shape distortion in a lens molded, causing unexpected changes in density and refractive index. This review will discuss some of the central issues in PGM processes and provide a method based on a manufacturing chain consideration from mold material selection, property and deformation characterization of optical glass to process optimization. The realization of such optimization is a necessary step for the Industry 4.0 of PGM.

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Focusing of X-ray free-electron laser pulses with reflective optics

Cited by 254 publications

References 29 publications

Femtosecond X-ray-induced explosion of C60 at extreme intensity

Femtosecond X-ray-induced explosion of C60 at extreme intensity

Macromolecular structures probed by combining single-shot free-electron laser diffraction with synchrotron coherent X-ray imaging

Precision glass molding: Toward an optimal fabrication of optical lenses

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