Focusing of charged particle beams with various glass-made optics

Resistive switching induced on a glass plate by ion beam irradiation

“…The transmission efficiency depends on the insulator material, its condition, and beam intensity. We have reported not only microbeams with single tapered glass capillary optics but also a peculiar oscillation feature in the beam transmission through a thin gap of paired glass plates [34,35]. The transmission experiments with the thin gap have been started as those of different shape optics for better understanding of charge-up process because thin gap is simpler than tapered capillaries which have both cylindrical and tapered regions.…”

A modified approach to muon-catalyzed fusion, employing helium-3 as fuel

“…Multiple methods exist or are in development for aiming muons [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Standard focusing methods using magnets are not accurate enough on their own, and the muon-magnetic-microscope [20] is being developed with positive muons in mind.…”

“…Standard focusing methods using magnets are not accurate enough on their own, and the muon-magnetic-microscope [20] is being developed with positive muons in mind. While it may also yield techniques relevant to the focusing of l À , this is not investigated further, as a method utilizing capillary optics [16][17][18][19]22] should suffice. This method has been tested on an array of beams including various slow highly charged ions (HCIs), MeV ions, positive and negative muons, electrons, positrons and protons [16][17][18][19]22].…”

“…While it may also yield techniques relevant to the focusing of l À , this is not investigated further, as a method utilizing capillary optics [16][17][18][19]22] should suffice. This method has been tested on an array of beams including various slow highly charged ions (HCIs), MeV ions, positive and negative muons, electrons, positrons and protons [16][17][18][19]22]. When applied to beams, including muon beams in the MeV energy range, the beam is deflected along the inner wall surface and guided via small angle scattering to the outlet where 'a density enhancement factor of $2 0 has been observed [16][17][18][19].…”

“…This method has been tested on an array of beams including various slow highly charged ions (HCIs), MeV ions, positive and negative muons, electrons, positrons and protons [16][17][18][19]22]. When applied to beams, including muon beams in the MeV energy range, the beam is deflected along the inner wall surface and guided via small angle scattering to the outlet where 'a density enhancement factor of $2 0 has been observed [16][17][18][19]. However, with tests of keV beams, once entering the capillary, the beam hits the inner wall, causing it to become charged.…”