Focusing effects in predecisional information acquisition

The role of cue utilisation and adaptive interface design in the management of skilled performance in operations control

“…These deviations are difficult to predict and, in some environments, can have catastrophic consequences in the absence of a timely response. Therefore, the most effective responses tend to be those in which the identification of the change in the system state occurs at an early stage of the process, the diagnosis of the nature of the change is accurate and the response is appropriate in the context of the diagnosis (Del Missier et al 2007, Mosier et al 2007.…”

Part-set cuing in option generation

“…This phenomenon, puzzling for theories of associative retrieval, is known as part-set cuing. Recently, some researchers have hypothesized that part-set cuing may have a significant role in explaining decision-making phenomena, such as superadditivity in probabilistic judgment (Sloman, Rottenstreich, Wisniewski, Hadjichristidis, & Fox, 2004) and focusing in information acquisition (Del Missier, Ferrante, & Costantini, 2007). According to these researchers, presented cues (options) might affect option generation, indirectly influencing judgment and choice.…”

Development of Deterministic Thinking Scale Based on Iranian Culture

“…The focusing effect is a cognitive bias that occurs when people place too much importance on one aspect of an event, causing an error in accurately predicting the utility of a future outcome. People focus on notable differences, excluding those that are less eye-catching, when making predictions about happiness or handiness (Del Missier, Ferrante, & Costantini, 2007;Schkade & Kahneman, 1998). Also some authors suggested the neglect of probability bias, a type of cognitive bias, is the tendency to completely disregard probability when making a decision under uncertainty and is one simple way in which people regularly violate the normative rules for decision making Baron, 2000;Rottenstreich & Hsee, 2001).…”

“…Eliminating these distortions and negative thought is said to improve mood and discourage maladies such as depression and chronic anxiety (Beck, 1983). There are many cognitive distortions which have a major role in forming depression and anxiety (Beck et al, 1979;Beck et al, 1983;Burns, 1989;Teasdale, 1993;Teasdale & Bernard, 1993;Clarck & Fairburn, 1997;Smit, Rosenfield, & Mcdonald, 2006;Del Missier, Ferrante, & Costantini, 2007). Some of these distortions include (Sommers-Flanagan 2004;Leahy, 1996): Arbitrary Inference, Selective Abstraction, Personalization, Dichotomous Thinking, Labeling and mislabeling, Magnification and minimization, overgeneralization, etc.…”