Focused Ultrasound Therapy of Vulvar Dystrophies: A Feasibility Study

Li, Chengzhi; Bian, Du-hong; Chen, Wenzhi; Zhao, Chunliang; Yin, Niangang; Wang, Zhibiao

doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000139835.34168.b0

Cited by 53 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In LS, the microvessels are reduced in the lower part of derma, leading to blood flow reduction and to shrinkage of the epidermis. Li and colleagues 5,8,19,20 suggest that the pathological changes of LS are predominantly caused by changes of the microvessels in the dermal layer, which results in secondary epidermal degeneration. CD34 antibody is mainly used to mark the blood vessel's intraepithelial cells , which stains the cell membrane and cytoplasm to yellow-brown color.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Treatment Based on Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD34, CD44, Myelin Basic Protein, and Ki67 Antibodies

Olejek

Stęplewska

Gabriel

et al. 2010

Int J Gynecol Cancer

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Treatment Based on Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD34, CD44, Myelin Basic Protein, and Ki67 Antibodies

Olejek

Stęplewska

Gabriel

et al. 2010

Int J Gynecol Cancer

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“…[48] Doses of 8–30 mg daily for 4 months have been used which gave benefits both in symptoms and also induce resolution of lesions. Mechanism of action of systemic retinoids in LS particularly in genital LS is not clear; mostly, it acts by downregulation of fibroblast function.…”

Section: Systemic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus

Nair

2017

J Mid-life Health

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Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by ivory-white plaques or patches with glistening surface commonly affecting the vulva and anus. Common symptoms are irritation, soreness, dyspareunia, dysuria, and urinary or fecal incontinence. Anogenital lichen sclerosus (LS) is characterized by porcelain-white atrophic plaques, which may become confluent extending around the vulval and perianal skin in a figure of eight configuration. Thinning and shrinkage of the genital area make coitus, urination, and defecation painful. LS is not uncommon in India and present as an itchy vulvar dermatosis which a gynecologist may mistake for candidal vulvovaginitis. There is often a delay in diagnosis of VLS due to its asymptomatic nature and lack of awareness in patients as well as physicians. Embarrassment of patients due to private nature of the disease and failure to examine the genital skin properly are the other reasons for delay in diagnosis. There is no curative treatment for LS. Various medications available only relieve the symptoms. Chronic nature of the disease affects the quality of life. Proper and regular follow-up is required as there are chances of the development of squamous cell carcinoma.

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“…Because cells of the diseased tissues are more sensitive to heat than normal cells, lowintensity ultrasound at certain spectra can specifically damage cells of the diseased tissues while maintaining the integrity of normal anatomical structures to permit tissue repair and restore normal morphology and function. 11-13 Li C et al 14 have shown that FU can effectively damage the dermis of vulvar lesions, promote the repair and regeneration of capillaries and small blood vessels in dermis, improve the nutrition of nerve endings and maintain the integrity of local tissues and organs. Ultramicroscopic morphology confirmed that ultrasound treatment could significantly affect vascular endothelial cells and basal cells in the dermis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%