Focused Review: Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potentials of Mangrove-Derived Streptomyces

Abstract

Human life expectancy is rapidly increasing with an associated increasing burden of chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, there is limited progress in finding effective treatment for these conditions. For this reason, members of the genus Streptomyces have been explored extensively over the past decades as these filamentous bacteria are highly efficient in producing bioactive compounds with human health benefits. Being ubiquitous in nature, streptomycetes can be found in both terrestrial and marine environments. Previously, two Streptomyces strains (MUSC 137T and MUM 256) isolated from mangrove sediments in Peninsular Malaysia demonstrated potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against several human cancer cell lines on bioactivity screening. These results illustrate the importance of streptomycetes from underexplored regions aside from the terrestrial ecosystem. Here we provide the insights and significance of Streptomyces species in the search of anticancer and/or chemopreventive agents and highlight the impact of next generation sequencing on drug discovery from the Streptomyces arsenal.

Investigating the antioxidant potential of Streptomyces sp. MUSC 11 from mangrove soil in Malaysia

“…Mangrove forest has emerged as a rich store of chemically diverse natural products [17] -any small molecules produced by living organisms [18,69] . Strategically positioned between terrestrial and marine ecosystem, mangrove forest represents a rare habitat of living organisms capable of thriving in extreme environmental conditions -saline, acidic and fluctuating tides [70] . The mangrove habitat is a treasure trove of microbes, residing mostly in the sediment [71] and in terms of their biotechnological significance, remain largely understudied.…”

Marine Bacteria from Rocas Atoll as a Rich Source of Pharmacologically Active Compounds

“…The presence of Salinispora was recently described in Brazilian waters along with the associated chemical diversity expected for this genus, including the production of highly cytotoxic compounds such as saliniketals and rifamycins, within strains isolated from sediments from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago [26]. It is worth mentioning that Streptomyces bacteria are indigenous to most environments, and they have been recognized as one of the most skilled genera in terms of secondary metabolism, producing numerous clinically used drugs [27,28].…”

Recent Advances in Strategies for Activation and Discovery/Characterization of Cryptic Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Streptomyces

“…Streptomyces are capable of producing effective compounds with diverse bioactivities as antihelminths, anti-oxidants, immunosuppressants, herbicides, and insecticides [9,10].…”