Focused ion beam milling: A method of site-specific sample extraction for microanalysis of Earth and planetary materials

Heaney, Peter J.; Vicenzi, Edward P.; Giannuzzi, Lucille A.; Livi, Kenneth J. T.

doi:10.2138/am-2001-8-917

Cited by 182 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Final thinning down to a thickness of less than 100 nm was achieved using low incident angles and low Ga ion currents (approximately 50 pA). A further description of the FIB sample preparation technique can be found in Heaney et al (33).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New host for carbon in the deep Earth

Boulard

Gloter

Corgne

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

140

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The global geochemical carbon cycle involves exchanges between the Earth's interior and the surface. Carbon is recycled into the mantle via subduction mainly as carbonates and is released to the atmosphere via volcanism mostly as CO 2 . The stability of carbonates versus decarbonation and melting is therefore of great interest for understanding the global carbon cycle. For all these reasons, the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of these minerals are needed up to core mantle boundary conditions. However, the nature of C-bearing minerals at these conditions remains unclear. Here we show the existence of a new Mg-Fe carbon-bearing compound at depths greater than 1,800 km. Its structure, based on three-membered rings of corner-sharing ðCO 4 Þ 4− tetrahedra, is in close agreement with predictions by first principles quantum calculations [Oganov AR, et al. (2008)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New host for carbon in the deep Earth

Boulard

Gloter

Corgne

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

140

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“…Following the ion probe measurements, we extracted ultra-thin sections for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of the graphite grains, from both the metal-poor lithology and the metal-rich sheet using focused ion beam (FIB) lift-out techniques (Stroud et al, 2000;Heaney et al, 2001). The TEM studies were performed with a Philips CM30 equipped with an Oxford Link EDS system.…”

Section: Graphite Morphology and Isotopic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graves Nunataks 95209: A snapshot of metal segregation and core formation

McCoy

Carlson

Nittler

et al. 2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…TEM requires the preparation of electron transparent specimens and for geological materials this is typically achieved by grinding minerals to a powder, ion milling or ultra-microtome sectioning (Heaney et al, 2001;Lee, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the role of microbes in mineral weathering: Nanometre-scale characterisation of the cell–mineral interface using FIB and TEM

Ward

Kapitulčinová

Brown

et al. 2013

Micron

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Focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation in combination with subsequent transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis are powerful tools for nanometre-scale examination of the cell-mineral interface in bio-geological samples. In this study, we used FIB-TEM to investigate the interaction between a cyanobacterium (Hassallia byssoidea) and a common sheet silicate mineral (biotite) following a laboratory-based bioweathering, incubation experiment. We discuss the FIB preparation of cross-sections of the cell mineral interface for TEM investigation. We also establish an electron fluence threshold in biotite for the transition from scanning (S)TEM electron beam induced contamination build up on the surface of biotite thin sections to mass loss, or hole-drilling within the sections. Working below this threshold fluence nanometre-scale structural and elemental information has been obtained from biotite directly underneath cyanobacterial cells incubated on the biotite for three months. No physical alteration of the biotite was detected by TEM imaging and diffraction with little or no elemental alteration detected by STEM energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental line scanning nor by energy filtered TEM (EF-TEM) jump ratio elemental mapping. As such we present evidence that the cyanobacterial strain of Hassallia byssoidea did not cause any measurable alteration of biotite, within the resolution limits of the analysis techniques used, after three months of incubation on its surface.

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Focused ion beam milling: A method of site-specific sample extraction for microanalysis of Earth and planetary materials

Cited by 182 publications

References 11 publications

New host for carbon in the deep Earth

New host for carbon in the deep Earth

Graves Nunataks 95209: A snapshot of metal segregation and core formation

Investigating the role of microbes in mineral weathering: Nanometre-scale characterisation of the cell–mineral interface using FIB and TEM

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