Focus on the Social Aspect of Autism

Kałużna–Czaplińska, Joanna; Żurawicz, Ewa; Jóźwik-Pruska, Jagoda

doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3407-7

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Furthermore, this crutch has created a burden on the health care system and families alike. Past investigations have reported increased levels of anxiety, depression, and hostility [ 50 ], to name a few, for parents of children with ASD. While external interventions may help, the maintenance of these interventions and the aimed improvements are further accelerated or slowed down by the support system that these children have at home.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Non-Coding RNAs as a Signature of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptomatology

Salloum-Asfar

Elsayed

Elhag

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaced neurodevelopmental disorder that becomes apparent during early childhood development. The complexity of ASD makes clinically diagnosing the condition difficult. Consequently, by identifying the biomarkers associated with ASD severity and combining them with clinical diagnosis, one may better factionalize within the spectrum and devise more targeted therapeutic strategies. Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers that can be used for precise ASD diagnosis. Consequently, our pilot experimental cohort was subdivided into three groups: healthy controls, individuals those that express severe symptoms of ASD, and individuals that exhibit mild symptoms of ASD. Using next-generation sequencing, we were able to identify several circulating non-coding RNAs (cir-ncRNAs) in plasma. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show that miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, Y-RNAs, tRNAs, and lncRNAs are stably expressed in plasma. Our data identify cir-ncRNAs that are specific to ASD. Furthermore, several of the identified cir-ncRNAs were explicitly associated with either the severe or mild groups. Hence, our findings suggest that cir-ncRNAs have the potential to be utilized as objective diagnostic biomarkers and clinical targets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Non-Coding RNAs as a Signature of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptomatology

Salloum-Asfar

Elsayed

Elhag

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a behaviourally defined heterogeneous complex of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by persistent deficient social interaction, impaired communication as well as restricted or stereotyped patterns of behaviours, interests and activities, and abnormalities in sensory reactivity [ 1 , 2 ]. Epidemiological studies estimate that roughly 1% of the world’s population is thought to have an ASD, but exact numbers are highly dependent upon the still-evolving methodology [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Tau Protein Level and Phosphorylation State in the Brain of the Autistic-Like Rats Induced by Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid

Gąssowska-Dobrowolska

Kolasa

Cieślik

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficient social interaction and communication besides repetitive, stereotyped behaviours. A characteristic feature of ASD is altered dendritic spine density and morphology associated with synaptic plasticity disturbances. Since microtubules (MTs) regulate dendritic spine morphology and play an important role in spine development and plasticity the aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations in the content of neuronal α/β-tubulin and Tau protein level as well as phosphorylation state in the valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model of autism. Our results indicated that maternal exposure to VPA induces: (1) decrease the level of α/β-tubulin along with Tau accumulation in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex; (2) excessive Tau phosphorylation and activation of Tau-kinases: CDK5, ERK1/2, and p70S6K in the cerebral cortex; (3) up-regulation of mTOR kinase-dependent signalling in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adolescent rat offspring. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining showed histopathological changes in neurons (chromatolysis) in both analysed brain structures of rats prenatally exposed to VPA. The observed changes in Tau protein together with an excessive decrease in α/β-tubulin level may suggest destabilization and thus dysfunction of the MT cytoskeleton network, which in consequence may lead to the disturbance in synaptic plasticity and the development of autistic-like behaviours.

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“…Autism is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions, with persistent impairments that often challenge affected individuals, their families, health care, and educational system at large [1][2][3] . Despite extensive research efforts, the conceptualization and management of autism continue to face significant challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectome and microcircuit models implicate atypical subcortico-cortical interactions in autism pathophysiology

Park

Hong

Valk

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Both macroscale connectome miswiring and microcircuit anomalies have been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of autism. However, an overarching framework that consolidates these macro and microscale perspectives of the condition is lacking. Here, we combined connectome-wide manifold learning and biophysical simulation models to understand associations between global network perturbations and microcircuit dysfunctions in autism. Our analysis established that autism showed significant differences in structural connectome organization relative to neurotypical controls, with strong effects in low-level somatosensory regions and moderate effects in high-level association cortices. Computational models revealed that the degree of macroscale anomalies was related to atypical increases of subcortical inputs into cortical microcircuits, especially in sensory and motor areas. Transcriptomic decoding and developmental gene enrichment analyses provided biological context and pointed to genes expressed in cortical and thalamic areas during childhood and adolescence. Supervised machine learning showed the macroscale perturbations predicted sociocognitive symptoms and repetitive behaviors. Our analyses provide convergent support that atypical subcortico-cortical interactions may contribute to both microcircuit and macroscale connectome anomalies in autism.

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Focus on the Social Aspect of Autism

Cited by 20 publications

References 55 publications

Circulating Non-Coding RNAs as a Signature of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptomatology

Circulating Non-Coding RNAs as a Signature of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptomatology

Alterations in Tau Protein Level and Phosphorylation State in the Brain of the Autistic-Like Rats Induced by Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid

Connectome and microcircuit models implicate atypical subcortico-cortical interactions in autism pathophysiology

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