Focus on Ethylene

Schäller, G.; Voesenek, Laurentius A. C. J.

doi:10.1104/pp.15.01242

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition to potassium deficiency, ethylene also regulates plant responses to many other nutrient (N, P, Ca, and Fe) deficiencies through different pathways (reviewed in García et al, 2015 ). Among them, the most frequently studied is iron (Fe) deficiency.…”

Section: Cross-talks Between Responses To Salinity and Responses To Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ethylene in Plants Under Salinity Stress

et al. 2015

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Although the roles of ethylene in plant response to salinity and other stresses have been extensively studied, there are still some obscure points left to be clarified. Generally, in Arabidopsis and many other terrestrial plants, ethylene signaling is indispensable for plant rapid response and tolerance to salinity stress. However, a few studies showed that functional knock-out of some ACSs increased plant salinity-tolerance, while overexpression of them caused more sensitivity. This seems to be contradictory to the known opinion that ethylene plays positive roles in salinity response. Differently, ethylene in rice may play negative roles in regulating seedling tolerance to salinity. The main positive ethylene signaling components MHZ7/OsEIN2, MHZ6/OsEIL1, and OsEIL2 all negatively regulate the salinity-tolerance of rice seedlings. Recently, several different research groups all proposed a negative feedback mechanism of coordinating plant growth and ethylene response, in which several ethylene-inducible proteins (including NtTCTP, NEIP2 in tobacco, AtSAUR76/77/78, and AtARGOS) act as inhibitors of ethylene response but activators of plant growth. Therefore, in addition to a summary of the general roles of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in salinity response, this review mainly focused on discussing (i) the discrepancies between ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in salinity response, (ii) the divergence between rice and Arabidopsis in regulation of salinity response by ethylene, and (iii) the possible negative feedback mechanism of coordinating plant growth and salinity response by ethylene.

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Section: Cross-talks Between Responses To Salinity and Responses To Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ethylene in Plants Under Salinity Stress

et al. 2015

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“…ACC can also be converted via ACC deaminase into ammonia and α-ketobutyrate ( Figure 3 ). Bacteria as well as plants are known to possess that enzyme ( Van de Poel and Van Der Straeten, 2014 ); the former may use it to decrease the ethylene levels of the latter (e.g., Klee et al, 1991 ; Gamalero and Glick, 2015 ).…”

Section: A Review Of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene, a Hormone at the Center-Stage of Nodulation

Guinel

2015

Front. Plant Sci.

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Nodulation is the result of a beneficial interaction between legumes and rhizobia. It is a sophisticated process leading to nutrient exchange between the two types of symbionts. In this association, within a nodule, the rhizobia, using energy provided as photosynthates, fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to ammonium which is available to the plant. Nodulation is recognized as an essential process in nitrogen cycling and legume crops are known to enrich agricultural soils in nitrogenous compounds. Furthermore, as they are rich in nitrogen, legumes are considered important as staple foods for humans and fodder for animals. To tightly control this association and keep it mutualistic, the plant uses several means, including hormones. The hormone ethylene has been known as a negative regulator of nodulation for almost four decades. Since then, much progress has been made in the understanding of both the ethylene signaling pathway and the nodulation process. Here I have taken a large view, using recently obtained knowledge, to describe in some detail the major stages of the process. I have not only reviewed the steps most commonly covered (the common signaling transduction pathway, and the epidermal and cortical programs), but I have also looked into steps less understood (the pre-infection step with the plant defense response, the bacterial release and the formation of the symbiosome, and nodule functioning and senescence). After a succinct review of the ethylene signaling pathway, I have used the knowledge obtained from nodulation- and ethylene-related mutants to paint a more complete picture of the role played by the hormone in nodule organogenesis, functioning, and senescence. It transpires that ethylene is at the center of this effective symbiosis. It has not only been involved in most of the steps leading to a mature nodule, but it has also been implicated in host immunity and nodule senescence. It is likely responsible for the activation of other hormonal signaling pathways. I have completed the review by citing three studies which makes one wonder whether knowledge gained on nodulation in the last decades is ready to be transferred to agricultural fields.

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“…AtPAP2 selectively interacts with some components of the photosystems and plays a role in their import into chloroplasts (Zhang et al, unpublished data). It also interacts with a number of Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factors (MORFs) and modulates the import of MORF3 into mitochondria ( Law et al, 2015 ). OE of AtPAP2 results in a change in the photosystem composition and thylakoid architecture, which could lead to a higher photosynthetic efficiency and sucrose supply in the OE line (Zhang et al, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OE of AtPAP2 results in a change in the photosystem composition and thylakoid architecture, which could lead to a higher photosynthetic efficiency and sucrose supply in the OE line (Zhang et al, unpublished data). OE of AtPAP2 solely in mitochondria resulted in early senescence and low seed yield ( Law et al, 2015 ). These phenotypes showed that AtPAP2 can alter the physiology of these two organelles by modulating protein import.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-nine PAP genes were identified in the genome of A. thaliana ( Li et al, 2002 ) but only two members carry a C-terminal hydrophobic motif (AtPAP2 and AtPAP9). The C-terminal hydrophobic motif of AtPAP2 anchors it to the outer membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria and the OE of AtPAP2 on these two powerhouses modify the physiology of chloroplasts and mitochondria by regulating the import process of selected proteins into these two organelles ( Law et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, unpublished).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of high ATP supply from chloroplasts and mitochondria on the leaf metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2015

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Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the major ATP producing organelles in plant leaves. Arabidopsis thaliana purple acid phosphatase 2 (AtPAP2) is a phosphatase dually targeted to the outer membranes of both organelles and it plays a role in the import of selected nuclear-encoded proteins into these two organelles. Overexpression (OE) of AtPAP2 in A. thaliana accelerates plant growth and promotes flowering, seed yield, and biomass at maturity. Measurement of ADP/ATP/NADP+/NADPH contents in the leaves of 20-day-old OE and wild-type (WT) lines at the end of night and at 1 and 8 h following illumination in a 16/8 h photoperiod revealed that the ATP levels and ATP/NADPH ratios were significantly increased in the OE line at all three time points. The AtPAP2 OE line is therefore a good model to investigate the impact of high energy on the global molecular status of Arabidopsis. In this study, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome profiles of the high ATP transgenic line were examined and compared with those of WT plants. A comparison of OE and WT at the end of the night provide valuable information on the impact of higher ATP output from mitochondria on plant physiology, as mitochondrial respiration is the major source of ATP in the dark in leaves. Similarly, comparison of OE and WT following illumination will provide information on the impact of higher energy output from chloroplasts on plant physiology. OE of AtPAP2 was found to significantly affect the transcript and protein abundances of genes encoded by the two organellar genomes. For example, the protein abundances of many ribosomal proteins encoded by the chloroplast genome were higher in the AtPAP2 OE line under both light and dark conditions, while the protein abundances of multiple components of the photosynthetic complexes were lower. RNA-seq data also showed that the transcription of the mitochondrial genome is greatly affected by the availability of energy. These data reflect that the transcription and translation of organellar genomes are tightly coupled with the energy status. This study thus provides comprehensive information on the impact of high ATP level on plant physiology, from organellar biology to primary and secondary metabolism.

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Focus on Ethylene

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

The Role of Ethylene in Plants Under Salinity Stress

The Role of Ethylene in Plants Under Salinity Stress

Ethylene, a Hormone at the Center-Stage of Nodulation

Impacts of high ATP supply from chloroplasts and mitochondria on the leaf metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana

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