Focus Group Methodology: Introduction and History

Liamputtong, Pranee

doi:10.4135/9781473957657.n1

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…A mix of two qualitative research methods (i.e. focus groups in-depth; one-to-one in-depth interviews) was used, as this combination was considered more beneficial as it facilitates data completeness and confirmation (Liamputtong, 2011). A combination of these methods reveals rich complementary and overlapping findings which further weigh into a coherent understanding of the topic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pandemic impact study on working women professionals: role of effective communication

Tripathi

Sethi

Malik

et al. 2023

CCIJ

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PurposeThe study aims to develop an in-depth understanding of challenges faced by Indian women professionals during the pandemic and the human resource (HR) initiatives like effective communication, taken by the organizations to mitigate the plight of these professionals.Design/methodology/approachA mix of two qualitative research methods namely focus groups in-depth and one-to-one in-depth interviews was used. A total of 32 females working with different organizations participated.FindingsThe thematic analysis revealed themes related to challenges faced by working women-gendered burnout, mental health issues, increased household responsibilities, job insecurity, work-life conflict, gender inequalities, reduced internal communication and financial independence, domestic violence and exploitation. The major themes that emerged for the organizational initiatives were flexible working hours, equal women representation in response to planning and decision making, driving transformative change for gender equality, paid leaves for family care, caregiving bonus, leadership development seeds, increased female recruitments, transparent communication and counseling sessions.Research limitations/implicationsThe study establishes a holistic understanding of the plight of Indian women professionals and the consequent organizational interventions accompanied by transparent communication. It adds rigor to the evolving literature on COVID-19 and enriches the theoretical narrative of policy adaptations by industry practitioners for aligning them with employee needs. This helps in routing the policy design and implementation in light of the challenges faced.Originality/valueThe study presents an in-depth understanding of challenges faced by women employees; and provides a foundation for identifying human resource management (HRM) interventions customized for working females. It also proposes a framework implementable in the recovery phase, deploying critical strategic shifts like reflection, recommitment and re-engagement of the women workforce in order to maximize their efficacy for rapidly evolving organizational priorities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pandemic impact study on working women professionals: role of effective communication

Tripathi

Sethi

Malik

et al. 2023

CCIJ

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“…The Ideas Generation Workshops bring together researchers, community leaders and members, and other stakeholders to participate in discussions about issues facing the community, and to identify what works well and what does not work well for the community. This technique, with a focus on lived experiences embodied in the vignettes, emotes genuine engagement as workshop participants relate to the vignettes ( 32 , 59 , 60 ). Additionally, engaging various stakeholders in the discussion will increase the potential for collaborative efforts to respond to the identified needs using existing resources according to the health literacy strengths, needs and preferences of the community.…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the optimizing health literacy and access (Ophelia) process in partnership with a refugee community in Australia: Study protocol

Jawahar

Elmer²,

Hawkins³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Refugees experience health inequities resulting from multiple barriers and difficulties in accessing and engaging with services. A health literacy development approach can be used to understand health literacy strengths, needs, and preferences to build equitable access to services and information. This protocol details an adaptation of the Ophelia (Optimizing Health Literacy and Access) process to ensure authentic engagement of all stakeholders to generate culturally appropriate, needed, wanted and implementable multisectoral solutions among a former refugee community in Melbourne, Australia. The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ), widely applied around the world in different population groups, including refugees, is usually the quantitative needs assessment tool of the Ophelia process. This protocol outlines an approach tailored to the context, literacy, and health literacy needs of former refugees. This project will engage a refugee settlement agency and a former refugee community (Karen people origin from Myanmar also formerly knowns as Burma) in codesign from inception. A needs assessment will identify health literacy strengths, needs, and preferences, basic demographic data and service engagement of the Karen community. This community will be engaged and interviewed using a semi-structured interview based on the Conversational Health Literacy and Assessment Tool (CHAT) will cover supportive professional and personal relationships, health behaviors, access to health information, use of health services, and health promotion barriers and support. Using the needs assessment data, vignettes portraying typical individuals from this community will be developed. Stakeholders will be invited to participate in ideas generation and prioritization workshops for in-depth discussion on what works well and not well for the community. Contextually and culturally appropriate and meaningful action ideas will be co-designed to respond to identified health literacy strengths, needs, and preferences of the community. This protocol will develop and test new and improved methods that are likely to be useful for community-based organizations and health services to systematically understand and improve communication, services and outcomes among disadvantaged groups, particularly migrants and refugees.

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“…Potential advantages of face-to-face focus groups include: they facilitate voice from under-represented groups; they are a forum for talk about sensitive topics that might be difficult during an interview; and they enable support amongst participants who can thus express views and opinions that resist social pressures (Gordon et al, 2021; Williams et al, 2012; Liamputtong, 2015; Kitzinger, 1994; Reisner et al, 2018). Focus group methodology has become widely used in health care research (Flynn et al, 2018; Williams et al, 2012; Reisner et al, 2018; Ranieri et al, 2019) because it allows for the understanding of practices and interactions and thereby grounds theory in the actual language and experience of the participants – whether patients or medical professionals (Smithson, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expression of views does not always signal a particular form of engagement, or any engagement per se. Now, it has been alleged that in virtual focus groups, there is not much interaction (Liamputtong, 2015; Hesse-Biber and Griffin, 2013), particularly if those focus groups are asynchronous, when there are delays in comments of a couple of hours or even days. As noted above, this does not mean that there is a lower grade of data being generated, but rather that what counts as data has shifted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence, multiplicity and the boundaries of research? Reflections on online asynchronous focus groups

Estrada-Jaramillo

Michael

Farrimond

2022

Qualitative Research

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During the COVID 19 pandemic, Online Asynchronous Focus Groups (OAFG) through WhatsApp were conducted to explore women’s experiences in the context of Congenital Syphilis prevention in Colombia. This paper discusses issues raised by the OAFGs (not least in relation to face-to-face focus groups). After a review of the literature on online and offline focus groups, there is a consideration of some key features of our OAFGs. In particular, we note how silence, presence, attention, continuity and multiplicity manifested in our OAFGs. We suggest that rather than regarding OAFGs as inferior to the ‘gold standard’ of face-to-face focus groups, our OAFGs raise important questions about our assumptions about focus group methodology. For instance, what counts as participant engagement, what comprises ‘useful’ social data, and what constitute the boundaries of a focus group all emerge as critical issues. We go on to reflect on some of the implications of these issues for the fruitfulness of OAFG methods.

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Focus Group Methodology: Introduction and History

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

A pandemic impact study on working women professionals: role of effective communication

A pandemic impact study on working women professionals: role of effective communication

Application of the optimizing health literacy and access (Ophelia) process in partnership with a refugee community in Australia: Study protocol

Absence, multiplicity and the boundaries of research? Reflections on online asynchronous focus groups

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