Focus Article: Molecules that add up

Control of Noise in Chemical and Biochemical Information Processing

“…The main challenge for chemical computing has been networking of basic gates for achieving scalable, fault-tolerant information processing networks. [153] Small networks performing basic operations have been realized, [1][2][3][4]21,22] for example, adder/subtractor and their sub-units. [154][155][156][157][158][159] Multi-signal response to chemical or physical inputs has been demonstrated, [23][24][25] and attempts at scaling up the complexity according to biological principles have been reported.…”

“…[18][19][20] Reported results for networks [1][2][3][4][18][19][20] of (bio)chemical information processing units have included systems performing elements of basic arithmetic operations, [21][22] multifunctional molecules, [23][24][25] DNAbased gates and circuits, [26,27] and enzyme-catalyzed reactions realizing concatenated gates. [19,20,28,29] Here we introduce, by illustrative model examples, concepts in noise reduction and control for scalability in biochemical computing.…”

Molecular All-Photonic Encoder−Decoder

“…Molecular switches, Boolean logic gates, and other data manipulation devices have been described. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Although most of the initial reports of such systems were of simple switches or single-function logic gates, more recent work has produced molecules or mixtures of molecules capable of performing a variety of logic functions. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Most often, these systems use one or more chemical inputs.…”

Chemische Strategien für den Aufbau molekularer Logikelemente zur Addition und Subtraktion

“…[9] Letztere Funktionen erfordern die Integration von verschiedenen elementaren Logikgattern in komplexeren Schaltkreisen. Zwar sind Moleküle, die 1 + 1 = 2 oder 1À1 = 0 codieren können, sicher keine ernsthafte Konkurrenz für gegenwärtig genutzte Mikroprozessoren auf Siliciumbasis, die vorgestellten Beispiele liefern jedoch eine Demonstration des Prinzips und sind wichtige Beiträge zur Entwicklung von molekularer Datenverarbeitung.…”