Focal visual attention produces illusory temporal order and motion sensation

Hikosaka, Okihide; Miyauchi, Satoru; Shimojo, Shinsuke

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90210-n

Cited by 316 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Observers reported a percept of the attended light appearing to come on before the unattended one. A similar account is given of the illusory line-motion phenomenon reported by Hikosaka et al (1993aHikosaka et al ( , 1993b in which a horizontal line, when presented in its entirety at one instant in time, appears to be drawn from the spatial location where the observer's attention was beckoned by the brightening of a dot. Thus the illusory line-motion results from a gradient of attentional facilitation that radiates in all directions from the cued location and weakens with distance (LaBerge 1983;LaBerge and Brown 1989;McCormick and Klein 1990;Stelmach and Herdman 1991;Stelmach et al 1994;Schmidt et al 1998;but see Downing and Treisman 1997).…”

Section: Attentional Accountmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For instance, attentionally mediated improvements in performance can result from enhanced perceptual processing, differential capacity allocation, or internal noise reduction (Lu and Dosher 1998). In terms of enhanced visual processing, it has been suggested that attending to a spatial location facilitates processing of stimulus information at that site (Titchener 1908(Titchener /1973Posner and Petersen 1990;Hikosaka et al 1993aHikosaka et al , 1993bDesimone et al 1994;Shimojo et al 1995). Though the Posner (1980) cueing paradigm investigates what might be considered post-perceptual contributions to visual processing, such as the effects of expectation of a signal at a given location, cueing is generally characterized as leading to signal enhancement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Attention in Motion Extrapolation: Are Moving Objects ‘Corrected’ or Flashed Objects Attentionally Delayed?

2000

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Objects flashed in alignment with moving objects appear to lag behind [Nijhawan, 1994 Nature (London) 370 256–257], Could this ‘flash-lag’ effect be due to attentional delays in bringing flashed items to perceptual awareness [Titchener, 1908/1973 Lectures on the Elementary Psychology of Feeling and Attention first published 1908 (New York: Macmillan); reprinted 1973 (New York: Arno Press)]? We overtly manipulated attentional allocation in three experiments to address the following questions: Is the flash-lag effect affected when attention is (a) focused on a single event in the presence of multiple events, (b) distributed over multiple events, and (c) diverted from the flashed object? To address the first two questions, five rings, moving along a circular path, were presented while observers attentively tracked one or multiple rings under four conditions: the ring in which the disk was flashed was (i) known or (ii) unknown (randomly selected from the set of five); location of the flashed disk was (i) known or (ii) unknown (randomly selected from ten locations), The third question was investigated by using two moving objects in a cost – benefit cueing paradigm, An arrow cued, with 70% or 80% validity, the position of the flashed object, Observers performed two tasks: (a) reacted as quickly as possible to flash onset; (b) reported the flash-lag effect, We obtained a significant and unaltered flash-lag effect under all the attentional conditions we employed, Furthermore, though reaction times were significantly shorter for validly cued flashes, the flash-lag effect remained uninfluenced by cue validity, indicating that quicker responses to validly cued locations may be due to the shortening of post-perceptual delays in motor responses rather than the perceptual facilitation, We conclude that the computations that give rise to the flash-lag effect are independent of attentional deployment.

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Section: Attentional Accountmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Attention in Motion Extrapolation: Are Moving Objects ‘Corrected’ or Flashed Objects Attentionally Delayed?

2000

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“…Attention is also assumed to influence the speed at which information is transmitted through the visual system (11,12). However, since attention is a modulatory process, only comparisons between two perceptual outcomes, based either on overt behavioral responses or on subjective reports, would reveal the influence of attention (13). Thus, temporal order judgment tasks can provide a reliable psychophysical measure of changes in perceptual latency or in information transmission speed in the visual system (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further investigation on this topic, already in progress in our laboratory, might possibly shed some light on the interplay between sensory and attentional factors determining the perception of temporal order. Also, we hope that this effort might help us to understand other visual phenomena such as the flash-lag effect (17)(18)(19) and the perception of flicker, motion and other rapidly changing visual stimuli (13,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the perception of temporal order by attentional and pre-attentional factors

Haddad

Carreiro

Baldo

2002

Braz J Med Biol Res

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When two stimuli are presented simultaneously to an observer, the perceived temporal order does not always correspond to the actual one. In three experiments we examined how the location and spatial predictability of visual stimuli modulate the perception of temporal order. Thirty-two participants had to report the temporal order of appearance of two visual stimuli. In Experiment 1, both stimuli were presented at the same eccentricity and no perceptual asynchrony between them was found. In Experiment 2, one stimulus was presented close to the fixation point and the other, peripheral, stimulus was presented in separate blocks in two eccentricities (4.8º and 9.6º). We found that the peripheral stimulus was perceived to be delayed in relation to the central one, with no significant difference between the delays obtained in the two eccentricities. In Experiment 3, using three eccentricities (2.5º, 7.3º and 12.1º) for the presentation of the peripheral stimulus, we compared a condition in which its location was highly predictable with two other conditions in which its location was progressively less predictable. Here, the perception of the peripheral stimulus was also delayed in relation to the central one, with this delay depending on both the eccentricity and predictability of the stimulus. We argue that attentional deployment, manipulated by the spatial predictability of the stimulus, seems to play an important role in the temporal order perception of visual stimuli. Yet, under whichever condition of spatial predictability, basic sensory and attentional processes are unavoidably entangled and both factors must concur to the perception of temporal order. Key wordsThe judgment of temporal order of a pair of closely timed stimuli is a very old and still unsolved problem (1) that has been attracting the attention of many neurophysiologists and psychologists. When two stimuli are presented to an observer simultaneously or nearly simultaneously, the perceived order does not always correspond to the actual one. Several models of temporal order judgment have been proposed in the last decades to account for the source of judgment errors (2-5). These models assume that temporal order perception depends on the time when sensory information reaches a central comparator. In the visual system this depends on the transmission latencies of the sensory signals from the retina to the putative central comparator. Indeed, physiological proper-

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“…In the experiments that follow, a blindsighted observer was tested using a version of the line motion illusion (25) entailing the reverse-phi phenomenon (26). For this stimulus, opposing motion directions are cued simultaneously by motion energy and changes in stimulus shape and position.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Illusory motion perception in blindsight

Azzopardi

Hock

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Motion detection is typically spared in blindsight, which results from damage to the striate cortex (area V1) of the brain that is sufficient to eliminate conscious visual awareness and severely reduce sensitivity to luminance contrast, especially for high spatial and low temporal frequencies. Here we show that the discrimination of motion direction within cortically blind fields is not attributable to feature tracking (the detection of changes in position or shape), but is due instead to the detection of firstorder motion energy (spatiotemporal changes in luminance). The key to this finding was a version of the line motion illusion entailing reverse-phi motion in which opposing motion directions are simultaneously cued by motion energy and changes in stimulus shape. In forced-choice tests, a blindsighted test subject selected the direction cued by shape change when the stimulus was presented in his intact field, but reliably selected the direction cued by motion energy when the same stimulus was presented in his blind field, where relevant position information was either inaccessible or invalid. Motion energy has been characterized as objectless, so reliance on motion energy detection is consistent with impaired access to shape information in blindsight. The dissociation of motion direction by visual field (cortically blind vs. intact) provides evidence that two pathways from the retina to MT/V5 (the cortical area specialized for motion perception) are functionally distinct: the retinogeniculate pathway through V1 is specialized for feature-based motion perception, whereas the retinocollicular pathway, which bypasses V1, is specialized for detecting motion energy.superior colliculus | visual cortex | visual pathway | hemianopia B lindsight is a rare phenomenon caused by damage to the primary visual cortex (striate cortex, or V1) of the brain that is sufficient to eliminate conscious visual awareness (1, 2). Visual sensitivity to luminance contrast is reduced in the corresponding part of the visual field, most severely for high spatial and low temporal frequencies (3). The fact that it is not completely abolished for low spatial and high temporal frequencies accounts for many of the residual visual capacities that have been reported in blindsight, including, in forced-choice tests, the ability to detect and discriminate stimuli presented in the field defect (2, 4). Evidence obtained from monkeys with striate cortex lesions as well as from cortically blind patients suggests that these capacities are mediated by neural pathways that project from the retina to extrastriate visual cortex, which normally bypass the main visual pathway that projects from the retina to the striate cortex via the lateral geniculate nucleus (the retinogeniculate pathway) and involve the superior colliculus of the midbrain and the lateral geniculate and pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus (5-13).Blindsight is not merely normal vision without awareness. In addition to the loss of primary visual cortex, retrograde degeneration of relay neurons ...

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Focal visual attention produces illusory temporal order and motion sensation

Cited by 316 publications

References 73 publications

The Role of Attention in Motion Extrapolation: Are Moving Objects ‘Corrected’ or Flashed Objects Attentionally Delayed?

The Role of Attention in Motion Extrapolation: Are Moving Objects ‘Corrected’ or Flashed Objects Attentionally Delayed?

Modulation of the perception of temporal order by attentional and pre-attentional factors

Illusory motion perception in blindsight

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