Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in sheep

Pimentel, Luciano A.; Oliveira, Diego M.; Galiza, Glauco José Nogueira de; Dantas, Antônio Flávio Medeiros; Uzal, Francisco A.; Riet-Correa, Franklin

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2010000500009

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Vaccination is the most efficient way to control clostridiosis (FERREIRA et al, 2016). In Brazil, there are few reports on the natural occurrence of enterotoxemia caused by C. perfringens type D in sheep (PIMENTEL et al, 2010;RISSI et al, 2010;LIRA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep

Salvarani

Faccin

Freitas

et al. 2019

SCA

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This work describes the first Brazilian laboratory-confirmed outbreak of enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in sheep, which occurred in the state of Paraná. We address the epidemiological aspects involved, the diagnostic modalities employed, and the clinical signs and pathological findings observed. Eight healthy pregnant female sheep with no history of vaccination for clostridiosis presented with a history of abrupt feeding changes and neurological manifestations that quickly evolved to illness, coma and death. Four other females with clinical neurological signs were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina Sector. These animals presented with lethargy, motor incoordination, opisthotonus, pedal movements, muscle tremors, spastic paralysis, bruxism, mandibular trismus, sialorrhea, hyperexcitability and the inability to stand. They were examined and euthanized due to the seriousness of the clinical picture with an unfavorable prognosis. We performed gross anatomical and microscopic analyses of the organs and intestinal contents. We also performed bacterial isolation with molecular typing. From the intestinal contents, we detected toxins by means of the seroneutralization technique in mice. At necropsy, we noted pulmonary edema (2/4), necrotizing enteritis (4/4) and hyperemia of the leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopically, we observed lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia, necrotic enteritis associated with the presence of rods, and nephrosis with interstitial lymphohistiocytic nephritis. No significant brain lesions were observed. Using serum neutralization, we identified epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of all four animals. C. perfringens type D was identified. Based on the history, clinical signs, postmortem findings, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of epsilon toxin, we concluded that C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia caused this outbreak of sheep deaths.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep

Salvarani

Faccin

Freitas

et al. 2019

SCA

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Toxic diseases

2022

Large Animal Neurology

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Attack of the nervous system by Clostridium perfringens Epsilon toxin: From disease to mode of action on neural cells

Wioland¹,

Dupont²,

Bossu³

et al. 2013

Toxicon

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Epsilon toxin (ET), produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D, ranks among the four most potent poisonous substances known so far. ET-intoxication is responsible for enterotoxaemia in animals, mainly sheep and goats. This disease comprises several manifestations indicating the attack of the nervous system. This review aims to summarize the effects of ET on central nervous system. ET binds to endothelial cells of brain capillary vessels before passing through the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it induces perivascular oedema and accumulates into brain. ET binding to different brain structures and to different component in the brain indicates regional susceptibility to the toxin. Histological examination has revealed nerve tissue and cellular lesions, which may be directly or indirectly caused by ET. The naturally occurring disease caused by ET-intoxication can be reproduced experimentally in rodents. In mice and rats, ET recognizes receptor at the surface of different neural cell types, including certain neurons (e.g. the granule cells in cerebellum) as well as oligodendrocytes, which are the glial cells responsible for the axons myelination. Moreover, ET induces release of glutamate and other transmitters, leading to firing of neural network. The precise mode of action of ET on neural cells remains to be determined.

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Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in sheep

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep

Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep

Toxic diseases

Attack of the nervous system by Clostridium perfringens Epsilon toxin: From disease to mode of action on neural cells

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