Focal Cortical Dysfunction and Blood???Brain Barrier Disruption in Patients With Postconcussion Syndrome

Korn, Akira; Golan, Hava M.; Melamed, Israel; Pascual-Marqui, Roberto D.; Friedman, Alon

doi:10.1097/01.wnp.0000150973.24324.a7

Cited by 203 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Thus, in TBI the same mechanisms that stretch the neuron can stretch the blood vessel and this may impair the neurogenic response of the blood vessel. Thus, the functional neuroimaging findings in concussion may not just be a consequence of brain parenchymal injury, but vascular and blood-brain barrier disruptions (Korn et al, 2005). Fig.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome

Bigler

2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

355

248

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On the mild end of the acquired brain injury spectrum, the terms concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have been used interchangeably, where persistent post-concussive syndrome (PPCS) has been a label given when symptoms persist for more than three months post-concussion. Whereas a brief history of concussion research is overviewed, the focus of this review is on the current status of PPCS as a clinical entity from the perspective of recent advances in the biomechanical modeling of concussion in human and animal studies, particularly directed at a better understanding of the neuropathology associated with concussion. These studies implicate common regions of injury, including the upper brainstem, base of the frontal lobe, hypothalamic-pituitary axis, medial temporal lobe, fornix, and corpus callosum. Limitations of current neuropsychological techniques for the clinical assessment of memory and executive function are explored and recommendations for improved research designs offered, that may enhance the study of long-term neuropsychological sequelae of concussion. (JINS, 2008, 14, 1-22.)

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome

Bigler

2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

355

248

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“…For the purposes of epilepsy surgery that may occur in the post-traumatic setting, EEG has been co-registered with fMRI for the purposes of improved localization of foci of seizure activity. EEG has also been used to examine TBI-related disruption of the blood-brain barrier (Korn et al, 2005;Tomkins et al, 2011).…”

Section: Other Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Imaging Tools for Use with Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Hunter

Wilde

Tong

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurotrauma

113

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This article identifies emerging neuroimaging measures considered by the inter-agency Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Neuroimaging Workgroup. This article attempts to address some of the potential uses of more advanced forms of imaging in TBI as well as highlight some of the current considerations and unresolved challenges of using them. We summarize emerging elements likely to gain more widespread use in the coming years, because of 1) their utility in diagnosis, prognosis, and understanding the natural course of degeneration or recovery following TBI, and potential for evaluating treatment strategies; 2) the ability of many centers to acquire these data with scanners and equipment that are readily available in existing clinical and research settings; and 3) advances in software that provide more automated, readily available, and cost-effective analysis methods for large scale data image analysis. These include multi-slice CT, volumetric MRI analysis, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), arterial spin tag labeling (ASL), functional MRI (fMRI), including resting state and connectivity MRI, MR spectroscopy (MRS), and hyperpolarization scanning. However, we also include brief introductions to other specialized forms of advanced imaging that currently do require specialized equipment, for example, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), encephalography (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG)/magnetic source imaging (MSI). Finally, we identify some of the challenges that users of the emerging imaging CDEs may wish to consider, including quality control, performing multi-site and longitudinal imaging studies, and MR scanning in infants and children.

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“…It is important to keep this point in mind if we wish to provide relief to epileptic patients. In this sense, it has been shown in humans that cortical slowing is a typical finding after a mild traumatic brain injury, and this may be associated with persistently increased BBB permeability and a regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) deficit (Korn et al;. The general portrait that has been outlined in this chapter likely raises as many questions as it answers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%