Foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein in association with pre-terminal saphenous junction ligation/division as an office-based procedure: 12-Month results

Abstract

Objective Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) - one of the most frequently recommended methods for treating great saphenous vein incompetence - is easy and inexpensive. However, it achieves a lower occlusion rate compared to endovenous thermal ablation. The application of UGFS to pre-terminal great saphenous vein interruption, eliminating the saphenous stem wash out effect, enhances the short-term occlusion rate. This study explores the results of this technique at 12 months. Method Thirty great saphenous veins (28 patients) with junction incompetence, with calibres >6 mm and >30 cm reflux stem length were submitted to echo-guided pre-terminal great saphenous vein interruption and foam great saphenous vein occlusion. Participants were subjected to a 12-month post-operative review by ultrasound assessment of great saphenous vein occlusion and terminal stump stability. Comparisons were made between pre-operative and 12-month Validation of Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), photopletismography, Aberdeen questionnaire and complications. Results After 12 months, 28/30 great saphenous veins remained occluded (93%). One complete and one partial recanalization did not require retreatment. Four saphenous stumps showed a reflux during Valsalva (one due to recanalization, one limited to the stump, two with reflux in the anterior accessory saphenous vein). VCSS improved from 3.33 ± 1.64 to 0.67 ± 1.21 ( p < 0.05). Aberdeen questionnaire scores decreased from 9.44 ± 6.18 to 2.47 ± 3.77 ( p < 0.05). For photopletismographic examination, the mean venous refilling time (normal value: > 25 s) improved from 17.94 ± 11.97 to 31.4 ± 11.99 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Applying pre-terminal great saphenous vein interruption to UGFS of the saphenous stem achieved an occlusion rate at one year similar to that of endovenous thermal ablation. The procedure is simple, effective, office based, and may be used as a 10-min prolongation to a phlebectomy.

Study of Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery Combined with Endovenous Laser Treatment in the Treatment of Great Saphenous Varicose Veins

“…Relevant literature reports that the prevalence of GSVV in women is higher than that in men, with prevalence rates ranging from 10% to 15% and 20% to 25%, respectively [ 4 , 5 ]. If GSVV is not treated in time, complications such as superficial thrombophlebitis, venous heart ulcer, and variceal bleeding can occur, which seriously affect the work and life of patients [ 6 ].…”

Comparison of the mid-term clinical efficacy and short-term complications of Y-type coronary artery bypass grafting and sequential bypass grafting of the great saphenous vein: a retrospective cohort study

“…The use of the great SV [in the internal breast artery (ITA)] in CABG is prone to progressive intimal hyperplasia, resulting in mid-term sclerosis and obstruction, and has a patency rate of only 30-35% 10 years after surgery (15). As a bypass vessel, the ITA has a constant anatomical position, shows no progressive intimal hyperplasia, sclerosis, or obstruction after surgery, has a 10-year patency rate of up to 9.0%~5%, and has a similar blood supply to the great SV, which promotes the clinical use of ITA as a heart bypass vessel (16)(17)(18)(19).…”