Foam propagation through soils for enhanced in-situ remediation

Chowdiah, P.; Misra, B.R.; Kilbane, John J.; Srivastava, V.J.; Hayes, Thomas D.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(98)00191-5

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The packed sands with adsorbed copper ions were flushed by using rhamnolipid solution with foam in order to overcome the channeling effect and to improve the removal efficiency for the adsorbed ions 11,13,15,33 . celles or aggregates in the solution could enhance the foam production.…”

Section: Solution Flushing With Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flushing sand with foam foam-enhanced approach tends to improve the migration of surfactants 11 13 by increasing the ability of surfactants to spread and penetrate into the pore regions of sand even in a heterogeneous porous medium 11,14 , thus enhancing the removal efficiency for adsorbed metal ions. It also improves wettability and contaminant desorption 15 . This technique is very efficient due to the low usage of surfactants 11,12 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removing Adsorbed Heavy Metal Ions from Sand Surfaces <i>via</i> Applying Interfacial Properties of Rhamnolipid

Haryanto

Chang

2015

J. Oleo Sci.

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Section: Solution Flushing With Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Adsorbed Heavy Metal Ions from Sand Surfaces <i>via</i> Applying Interfacial Properties of Rhamnolipid

Haryanto

Chang

2015

J. Oleo Sci.

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“…The use of foam for delivery may provide better control of the volume of fluids injected and the ability to contain the migration of contaminant-laden liquids (Chowdiah et al 1998). Foam is a shear-thinning nonNewtonian fluid that enables more uniform sweeping over a heterogeneous system when forced through the system.…”

Section: 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of Uranium in the Hanford Vadose Zone Using Gas-Transported Reactants: Laboratory Scale Experiments in Support of the Deep Vadose Zone Treatability Test Plan for the Hanford Central Plateau

Szecsody¹,

Truex²,

Zhong³

et al. 2010

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This laboratory-scale investigation focused on decreasing uranium mobility in subsurface contaminated sediments in the vadose zone by in situ geochemical manipulation at low water content. This geochemical manipulation of the sediment surface phases included reduction, pH change (acidic and alkaline), and additions of chemicals (phosphate and ferric iron) to form specific precipitates. Reactants were advected into one-dimensional columns packed with uranium-contaminated sediment from the 200 Area of the Hanford Site as a reactive gas (for CO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 S, SO 2 ), with a 0.1% water content mist [for NaOH, Fe(III), HCl, PO 4 ] and with a 1% water content foam (for PO 4 ).Uranium is present in the sediment in multiple phases that include (in decreasing mobility) the following: aqueous U(VI) complexes, adsorbed uranium, reduced U(IV) precipitates, rind-carbonates, total carbonates, oxides, silicates, and phosphates. Geochemical changes were evaluated in the ability to change the mixture of surface uranium phases to less mobile forms, as defined by a series of liquid extractions that dissolve progressively less soluble phases. Although liquid extractions provide some useful information as to the generalized uranium surface phases (and are considered operational definitions of extracted phases), positive identification of surface phase changes by electron microprobe analysis is in progress. Some of the changes in uranium mobility directly involve uranium phases, whereas other changes result in precipitate coatings on uranium surface phases. The long-term implication of the uranium surface phase changes to alter uranium mass mobility in the vadose zone was then investigated using simulations of one-dimensional infiltration and downward migration of six uranium phases to the water table.In terms of the short-term decrease in uranium mobility (in decreasing order), NH 3 , NaOH mist, CO 2 , HCl mist, and Fe(III) mist showed 20% to 35% change in uranium surface phases. Difference in treatment effectiveness between sediments likely reflects mineralogy. Phosphate addition (mist or foam advected) showed inconsistent change in aqueous and adsorbed uranium, but significant coating (likely phosphates) on uranium carbonates. The two reductive gas treatments (H 2 S and SO 2 ) showed little change. For long-term decrease in uranium reduction, mineral phases created that had low solubility (phosphates and silicates) were desired, so NH 3 , phosphates (mist and foam delivered), and NaOH mist showed the greatest formation of these minerals. In addition, simulations of uranium movement in the vadose zone showed that these treatments greatly decreased uranium transport to groundwater. Advection of reactive gasses was the easiest to implement into low water content sediments at the laboratory-scale (and presumably field-scale) experiments. Both mist and foam advection show potential and need further development, but current implementation techniques move reactants shorter distances relative to reactive gasses. Overall, the am...

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“…Jeong and Corapcioglu (2003) calculated each of the four components and found that µ 2 and µ 4 were the dominant contributors to the total effective viscosity. Chowdiah et al (1998) experimentally determined the effective viscosity of an ethanol-based foam as a function of soil permeability. They found that the effective viscosity of the foam increased with increasing soil permeability.…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Foam Transport in Porous Media - A Review

Zhang¹,

Freedman²,

Zhong³

2009

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Executive SummaryAmendment solutions with or without surfactants have been used to remove contaminants from soil. However, they have drawbacks in that amendment solutions often mobilize the plume, and its movement is controlled by gravity and preferential flow paths. Foam is an emulsion-like, two-phase system in which gas cells are dispersed in a liquid and separated by thin liquid films called lamellae. The potential advantages of using foams in sub-surface remediation include providing better control on the volume of fluids injected, uniformity of contact, and the ability to contain the migration of contaminant-laden liquids. It is expected that foam can serve as a carrier of amendments for vadose zone remediation, e.g., at the Hanford Site. As part of the U.S. Department of Energy's EM-20 program, a numerical simulation capability will be added to the Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases (STOMP) flow simulator. The primary purpose of this document is to review the modeling approaches of foam transport in porous media. However, as an aid to understanding the simulation approaches, some experiments under unsaturated conditions and the processes of foam transport are also reviewed.Foam may be formed when the surfactant concentration is above the critical micelle concentration. There are two main types of foams -ball foam (microfoam) and polyhedral foam. The characteristics of bulk foam are described by properties such as foam quality, texture, stability, density, surface tension, disjoining pressure, etc. Foam has been used to flush contaminants such as metals, organics, and nonaqueous phase liquids from unsaturated soil. Ball foam, or colloidal gas aphrons, reportedly have been used for soil flushing in contaminated site remediation and was found to be more efficient than surfactant solutions on the basis of weight of contaminant removed per gram of surfactant. Experiments also indicate that the polyhedral foam can be used to enhance soil remediation.The transport of foam in porous media is complicated in that the number of lamellae present governs flow characteristics such as viscosity, relative permeability, fluid distribution, and interactions between fluids. Hence, foam is a non-Newtonian fluid. During transport, foam destruction and formation occur. The net result of the two processes determines the foam texture (i.e., bubble density). Some of the foam may be trapped during transport. According to the impacts of the aqueous and gas flow rates, foam flow generally has two regimes -weak and strong foam. There is also a minimum pressure gradient to initiate foam flow and a critical capillary for foam to be sustained. Similar to other fluids, the transport of foam is described by Darcy's law with the exception that the foam viscosity is variable.Three major approaches to modeling foam transport in porous media are the empirical, semi-empirical, and mechanistic methods. Mechanistic approaches can be complete in principle but may be difficult for obtaining reliable parameters, whereas empirical and semi-emp...

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Foam propagation through soils for enhanced in-situ remediation

Cited by 57 publications

References 8 publications

Removing Adsorbed Heavy Metal Ions from Sand Surfaces <i>via</i> Applying Interfacial Properties of Rhamnolipid

Removing Adsorbed Heavy Metal Ions from Sand Surfaces <i>via</i> Applying Interfacial Properties of Rhamnolipid

Remediation of Uranium in the Hanford Vadose Zone Using Gas-Transported Reactants: Laboratory Scale Experiments in Support of the Deep Vadose Zone Treatability Test Plan for the Hanford Central Plateau

Foam Transport in Porous Media - A Review

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