Foam Pilot Evaluations for the Snorre Field, Part 1: Project and Laboratory Results

Svorstoel, I.; Blaker, T.; Arneson, Steve; Holt, Torleif; Vassenden, F.; Surguchev, L.M.

doi:10.3997/2214-4609.201406928

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Consider, for example, the experiments of Figure 2 . Pressure drops during injection of 1% Cla-16AOS/Snorre gas are essentially the same in Experiments [8] and [12] . The corgi is therefore considered fully aged at Experiment [8 1 , i .e.…”

Section: Ageing Effects On Foam Performancesupporting

confidence: 53%

Foam Propagation in Snorre Reservoir Core - Effects of Oil Saturation and Ageing

Mannhardt¹,

Svorstøl²

1997

IOR 1997 - 9th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery

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A s eries of foam floods was conduct ed in Snorre re s e rvoir core at 90°C and 300 bar, at different o il saturations . The rate of foam propagation and the time requir ed to reach the maximum attainable apparent foam viscosi ty depended strongly on oil saturation. Apparent foam viscosity decreased steeply at a "critical " oil saturation of 13 to 15%. Extremely high apparent foam viscosities , up to 1000 cP, veere generated at miscible gas flood residual oil saturat i on (13%) . Above the critical oil saturation, strong foam with apparent vi scosities of about 200 cP vee re sti11 formeel, compared to apparent gas viscosities in the absence of surfactant of 0 .5 to 0 . 7 cP . The effect of gas composition (Snorre field gas , methane , nitrogen) on foam pe rform ance was minor . Significant re sidual gas mobility reduction was observed during gas injection into the foam-filled corgi . . INTRODUCTIO NFoams have b e en considered for mobili ty or profile control in gas injection IOR processes, for blockéng and d ive rting using either conventional or gell ed foams , and for controlling GOR at production Wells . In a mobili ty control application, goud foam stability to oil and love surfactant adsorption are essenbal , but mode rate mobili ty re duction is sufficient. If foam is to be placed into swept (love oil saturation) zones to dive rt gas flow into unswept zone s , a faam witti intermediate or love stabil ity to oil may be adequate , but high resistance to flow under an applied pressure gradient is required . A foam treatment to reduce GOR at production W ells require s a foam witti high flow resistance an d goud stabili ty to oi l ; moderate or high adsorption le vels may b e acceptable for a near-wellbore treatment . Whatever the application , the foam has to propagate away from the wellbore in order to be effective .Studies of foam propagation r e po rt varied results, but agree in concluding that foazn propagation d epends c ri tical ly on injection strategy (1-4) . Irani and Solomon (1) found that faam does not propagate du ring altemating injection of small surfactant slugs and C02 or during surfactant/C02 co-inj ection in an oil-free slim tube . The relativel y smalt volume of injected surfactant soluti on did not propagate past the inlet section of the corgi, resulting in a high pressure gradient near the corgi inlet only . The au thors conclude that gas and liquid do not move through the slim tube simultaneously du ring co-injection, bit that faam forens where gas and suifactant contact each e ther. B y contrast, a dual stug injection method consisting of a large stug of dilute surfactant solution followed by C0 2 resulted in effective foam propagation in the absence and presence of residual oil . Hudgins and Chung (3) found th at faam gen eration and propagation depends on WAG ratio and injection sequence in an oi1-free slim tube . At a residual oil saturation of 23%, faam was formeel only when the surfactant stug was large enough to fill the slim tub e, and foam was g enerated only in the t...

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Section: Ageing Effects On Foam Performancesupporting

confidence: 53%

Foam Propagation in Snorre Reservoir Core - Effects of Oil Saturation and Ageing

Mannhardt¹,

Svorstøl²

1997

IOR 1997 - 9th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery

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“…Foam has been applied in the field from as early as the 1960s 1 . A foam pilot test was conducted in the Snorre Field, starting with laboratory experiments and numerical simulations [2][3][4] . Experience and the benefits of steam-foam injection in many field applications are reported in the literature 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foam Generation and Rheology in a Variety of Model Fractures

AlQuaimi

Rossen

2018

Energy Fuels

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Gas is used in petroleum reservoirs to displace oil for enhanced oil recovery. The microscopic displacement efficiency of gas is very good, but at the reservoir scale the process suffers from poor sweep efficiency, especially in naturally fractured reservoirs. Foam can improve the sweep. There have been considerable scientific contributions towards understanding foam flow in nonfractured porous media, with relatively little work on foam flow in fractured porous media. We investigate foam-generation mechanisms in five fully characterized glass models of fractures with different apertures and correlation lengths of the aperture distribution. We also study the rheology of the in-situ-generated foam by varying the superficial velocities of the gas and surfactant solution. We compare the measured pressure gradient against the fracture attributes, aperture and the correlation length of the aperture. We also compare foam texture as a function of position within the fracture as the generated foam propagates through the fracture. Gas mobility was greatly reduced as a result of in-situ foam generation in our model fractures. Foam was generated predominantly by capillary snap-off and lamella division. The measured mobility reduction depends on fracture attributes. Fracture-wall roughness, represented by both the hydraulic aperture and the correlation length of the aperture, plays an important role in foam generation and mobility. Average bubble size increases as the aperture increases, which results in a significant decrease in pressure gradient. Two model fractures show the same two foam-flow regimes central to the understanding of foam in nonfractured porous media: a low-quality regime where pressure gradient is independent of liquid velocity and a high-quality regime where pressure gradient is independent of gas velocity. The mechanisms thought to be behind these two regimes in nonfractured porous media do not apply to these experiments, however. Sample 2

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“…Foam is the dispersion of discontinuous gas in liquid 1 and is used in a variety of subsurface applications. For example, foam can be used to remediate non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL)-contaminated aquifers 2 and to control the mobility and conformance of injected fluids in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) [3][4][5][6][7][8] processes. Additionally, foam can be injected as a novel energized fluid for hydraulic fracturing [9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on Foam Transport from a Texture-Implicit Local-Equilibrium Model with an Improved Parameter Estimation Algorithm

Zeng

Muthuswamy

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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We present an insightful discussion on the implications of foam transport inside porous media based on an improved algorithm for the estimation of model parameters. A widely used texture-implicit local-equilibrium foam model, STARS TM , is used to describe the reduction of gas mobility in the state of foam with respect to free gas. Both the dry-out effect and sheardependent rheology are considered in foam simulations. We estimate the limiting capillary pressure ! * from values in the STARS TM model to characterize foam film stability in a dynamic flowing system. We find that ! * is a good indicator of foam strength in porous media and varies with different gas types. We also calculate ! * for different foaming surfactants and find that foam stability is correlated with the Gibbs surface excess concentration. We compare our improved parameter estimation algorithm with others reported in literature. The robustness of the algorithm is validated for various foam systems.

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Foam Pilot Evaluations for the Snorre Field, Part 1: Project and Laboratory Results

Abstract: This p aper w as selected for presentation by the Steering Committee, following revi ew of lnform a tion contained in en abstract submitted by the author(s). The paper, as presented hes not been reviewed by the Steering Committee .

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Foam Propagation in Snorre Reservoir Core - Effects of Oil Saturation and Ageing

Foam Propagation in Snorre Reservoir Core - Effects of Oil Saturation and Ageing

Foam Generation and Rheology in a Variety of Model Fractures

Insights on Foam Transport from a Texture-Implicit Local-Equilibrium Model with an Improved Parameter Estimation Algorithm

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