fMRI correlates of jumping-to-conclusions in patients with delusions: Connectivity patterns and effects of metacognitive training

Andreou, Christina; Steinmann, Saskia; Leicht, Gregor; Kolbeck, Katharina; Moritz, Steffen; Mulert, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.004

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…A major difference between our and the previous studies is in the tasks being used to elicit these activations, and the interpretation of the significance of the findings as extending beyond an attention model as a mediating factor. Considering that the DMN in essence is a task-negative network 2 , 5 , 35 , 36 being up-regulated in periods of absence of specific processing demands, it is an intrinsic mode network. We now provide more evidence that the brain may alternate between an intrinsic and extrinsic mode of function, corresponding to the dominating environmental demand, with the intrinsic mode network dominating during task-absence, and the extrinsic mode network dominating during task-presence as has been previously suggested 18 , 19 , 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that the DMN in essence is a task-negative network 2 , 5 , 35 , 36 being up-regulated in periods of absence of specific processing demands, it is an intrinsic mode network. We now provide more evidence that the brain may alternate between an intrinsic and extrinsic mode of function, corresponding to the dominating environmental demand, with the intrinsic mode network dominating during task-absence, and the extrinsic mode network dominating during task-presence as has been previously suggested 18 , 19 , 35 . Interestingly, our results also show that the two networks are sometimes positively correlated, suggesting that the relationship between DMN and EMN may be more complex than we originally thought 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic switching between intrinsic and extrinsic mode networks as demands change from passive to active processing

Riemer

Grüner

Bereśniewicz

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In this study we report on the relationship between default and extrinsic mode networks across alternating brief periods of rest and active task processing. Three different visual tasks were used in a classic fMRI ON–OFF block design where task (ON) blocks alternated with equal periods of rest (OFF) blocks: mental rotation, working memory and mental arithmetic. We showed the existence of a generalized task-positive network, labelled the extrinsic mode network (EMN) that is anti-correlated with the default mode network (DMN) as processing demands shifted from rest to active processing. We then identified two key regions of interest (ROIs) in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) regions as hubs for the extrinsic and intrinsic networks, and extracted the time-course from these ROIs. The results showed a close to perfect anti-correlation for the SMA and Precuneus/PCC time-courses for ON- and OFF-blocks. We suggest the existence of two large-scale networks, an extrinsic mode network and an intrinsic mode network, which are up- and down-regulated as environmental demands change from active to passive processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic switching between intrinsic and extrinsic mode networks as demands change from passive to active processing

Riemer

Grüner

Bereśniewicz

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Functional studies found the jumping-to-conclusion bias was associated with the dopaminergic reward system and the posterior cingulate cortex (Andreou et al, 2018 ). Bias against disconfirming evidence (BADE) was associated with increased visual network activity and reduced default mode network (DMN) activity when processing confirmatory evidence, and reduced activation in the orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and parietal cortex when processing disconfirming evidence in individuals with schizophrenia with delusional ideation (Lavigne et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Current Hypotheses On the Development Of Delusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Structural Differences in Delusions Across Diagnoses: A Systematic Review

Rootes-Murdy

Goldsmith

Turner

2022

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Delusions are marked, fixed beliefs that are incongruent with reality. Delusions, with comorbid hallucinations, are a hallmark of certain psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia). Delusions can present transdiagnostically, in neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and fronto-temporal dementia), nervous system disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease) and across other psychiatric disorders (e.g., bipolar disorder). The burden of delusions is severe and understanding the heterogeneity of delusions may delineate a more valid nosology of not only psychiatric disorders but also neurodegenerative and nervous system disorders. We systematically reviewed structural neuroimaging studies reporting on delusions in four disorder types [schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BP), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD)] to provide a comprehensive overview of neural changes and clinical presentations associated with delusions. Twenty-eight eligible studies were identified. This review found delusions were most associated with gray matter reductions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (SZ, BP, and AD), left claustrum (SZ and AD), hippocampus (SZ and AD), insula (SZ, BP, and AD), amygdala (SZ and BP), thalamus (SZ and AD), superior temporal gyrus (SZ, BP, and AD), and middle frontal gyrus (SZ, BP, AD, and PD). However, there was a great deal of variability in the findings of each disorder. There is some support for the current dopaminergic hypothesis of psychosis, but we also propose new hypotheses related to the belief formation network and cognitive biases. We also propose a standardization of assessments to aid future transdiagnostic study approaches. Future studies should explore the neural and biological underpinnings of delusions to hopefully, inform future treatment.

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“…19 Previous studies on the neural correlates of the conservatism and JTC biases are inconclusive. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using the beads task or its modification on healthy individuals [20][21][22][23][24][25] (Supplementary Table 1) and patients with schizophrenia/psychosis [26][27][28] (Supplementary Table 2) reported multiple brain regions. This may be because 1) the beads task is not suitable for repeated trials in the scanner, 29 2) modification could change the task nature, 30 and 3) different statistical procedures such as contrasts and statistical thresholds could affect the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of conservatism/jumping to conclusions biases with aberrant salience and default mode network

Miyata

Sasamoto

Ezaki

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background and hypothesis While the conservatism bias refers to the human need for more evidence for decision-making than rational thinking expects, people with schizophrenia and delusion require less evidence, known as the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias. The midbrain-striatal aberrant salience of schizophrenia is postulated to form delusion; however, the association between conservatism/JTC and aberrant salience and their neural correlates are unclear. Study design Thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls performed the beads task, with large/small numbers of bead draws to decision (DTD) used as an index of conservative/hasty (JTC) decisions, respectively. We performed meta-independent component analysis and thresholded dual regression of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and structural covariance network analysis (SCNA) of structural and diffusion MRI data. We investigated interactions between diagnosis and DTD, and main effects of DTD for each imaging modality. Study results We found no significant interactions. We identified main effects of DTD (positive correlation) for 1) functional connectivity between the striatum and default mode network (DMN), 2) DMN-like structural SCNA network, and 3) the diffusion SCNA network connecting networks of 1) and 2) (all p < 0.05, family-wise error [FWE] correction). The functional connectivity between the striatum and DMN was also negatively correlated with delusion severity in patients (p < 0.05, FWE), indicating that the greater the anti-correlation, the stronger the JTC and delusion. Conclusions Our results support a novel concept that conservatism/JTC biases are associated with the aberrant salience of schizophrenia and the default brain mode.

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fMRI correlates of jumping-to-conclusions in patients with delusions: Connectivity patterns and effects of metacognitive training

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Dynamic switching between intrinsic and extrinsic mode networks as demands change from passive to active processing

Dynamic switching between intrinsic and extrinsic mode networks as demands change from passive to active processing

Clinical and Structural Differences in Delusions Across Diagnoses: A Systematic Review

Associations of conservatism/jumping to conclusions biases with aberrant salience and default mode network

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