fMRI analysis of active, passive and electrically stimulated ankle dorsiflexion

Cycling Induced by Electrical Stimulation Improves Motor Recovery in Postacute Hemiparetic Patients

“…This effect is supported by a recent functional MRI study that demonstrated that FES-induced movements activated a significantly greater area in the sensorimotor regions than passive movements. 25 Moreover, FES cycling evokes afferences during the physiological activation phases of each muscle because of the adopted stimulation strategy, 12 which may help in relearning how to execute movements voluntarily. Finally, FES could have increased patients' commitment to the exercise compared to passive cycling.…”

The Effect of Passive Movement for Paretic Ankle-Foot and Brain Activity in Post-Stroke Patients

“…There are fMRI studies in the literature that address the effect of PM of the ankle joint on the nervous activity of the brain in healthy participants [36][37][38][39] ; however, there is limited knowledge on the effect in stroke patients [11,17] .…”

An fMRI Investigation on Brain Activity in Response to Unilateral Acupuncture, Electroacupuncture and Electromyostimulation on ST36 and ST39

“…There have been reports that unilateral electric stimulation to upper limb muscles (wrist extensors and flexors) caused increased BOLD signals in the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex, the supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex; contralateral primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex and premotor cortex; and the ipsilateral cerebellum (Blickenstorfer et al, 2009;Han et al, 2003). In respect of lower limb muscles, Francis and associates compared BOLD signals during unilateral active and passive dorsiflexion movement, and electric stimulation-induced dorsiflexion, and reported that the electric stimulation induced greater brain activities than passive movement, but lower activities than that induced by active movement (Francis et al, 2009). The major brain areas that showed significant activities during the electric stimulation task included bilateral dorsal and ventral premotor areas and cerebellum; and contralateral primary motor, primary sensory, secondary somatosensory areas, as well as in supplementary motor area and cingulate motor areas (Francis et al, 2009).…”

“…In respect of lower limb muscles, Francis and associates compared BOLD signals during unilateral active and passive dorsiflexion movement, and electric stimulation-induced dorsiflexion, and reported that the electric stimulation induced greater brain activities than passive movement, but lower activities than that induced by active movement (Francis et al, 2009). The major brain areas that showed significant activities during the electric stimulation task included bilateral dorsal and ventral premotor areas and cerebellum; and contralateral primary motor, primary sensory, secondary somatosensory areas, as well as in supplementary motor area and cingulate motor areas (Francis et al, 2009). The present results showed a similar pattern with significant activities found in the contralateral (BA4, 6, 8, 10) and bilateral (BA8, 10) motor-related areas and somatosensory areas (BA40) ( A number of studies have also reported the effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on brain activities as indicated by BOLD signal changes.…”