FMRFamide-like immunocytochemistry in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of Triatoma infestans (Insecta: Heteroptera). Coexpression with β-pigment-dispersing hormone and small cardioactive peptide B

Abstract

The distribution of FMRFamide (FMRFa)-like immunoreactivity (LI) was studied in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of Triatoma infestans, the insect vector of Chagas' disease. The neuropeptide displayed a widespread distribution with immunostained somata in the optic lobe, in the anterior, lateral, and posterior soma rinds of the protocerebrum, and around the antennal sensory and mechanosensory and motor neuropils of the deutocerebrum. FMRFa-immunoreactive profiles of the subesophageal ganglion were seen in the mandibular, maxillary, and labial neuromeres. Immunostained neurites were detected in the medulla and lobula of the optic lobe, the lateral protocerebral neuropil, the median bundle, the calyces and the stalk of the mushroom bodies, and the central body. In the deutocerebrum, the sensory glomeruli showed a higher density of immunoreactive processes than the mechanosensory and motor neuropil, whereas the neuropils of each neuromere of the subesophageal ganglion displayed a moderate density of immunoreactive neurites. Colocalization of FMRFa-LI and crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone-LI was found in perikarya of the proximal optic lobe, the lobula, the sensory deutocerebrum, and the labial neuromere of the subesophageal ganglion. The distribution pattern of small cardioactive peptide B (SCP(B))-LI was also widespread, with immunolabeled somata surrounding every neuropil region of the brain and subesophageal ganglion, except for the optic lobe. FMRFa- and SCP(B)-LIs showed extensive colocalization in the brain of this triatomine species. The presence of immunolabeled perikarya displaying either FMRFa- or SCP(B)-LI confirmed that each antisera identified different peptide molecules. The distribution of FMRFa immunostaining in T. infestans raises the possibility that FMRFa plays a role in the regulation of circadian rhythmicity. The finding of immunolabeling in neurosecretory somata of the protocerebrum suggests that this neuropeptide may also act as a neurohormone.

3D standard brain of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum: a tool to study metamorphic development and adult plasticity

“…In the optic lobes, we reconstructed the medulla (Me), the lobula (Lo), the lobula plate (LoP), and the accessory medulla (aMe) (Figures 1A-d,B-c′ and 2). The LoP which lays posterior to the Lo is exclusively found in Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera (Strausfeld, 2005), and Heteroptera (Settembrini and Villar, 2005). …”

Inter- and intraspecific plasticity in distribution patterns of immunoreactive compounds in actinotroch larvae of Phoronida (Lophotrochozoa)

“…; Ohsuga and Kurokawa ; Willows et al. ; Kempf and Page ; Settembrini and Villar ; Kanda and Minakata ; Hochberg ; Ellis and Kempf ; Hochberg and Atherton ).…”

“…; Willows et al. ; Ellis and Kempf ), cephalopods (Kanda and Minakata ), annelids (Evans and Calabrese ) and arthropods (Settembrini and Villar ). In larval and adult molluscs, it is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, and in adult arthropods, the distribution of this neuropeptide is concentrated in the brain and the subesophagal ganglion, while in adult annelids, it is mainly expressed in the segmental ganglia (Evans and Calabrese ; Perry et al.…”

“…In larval and adult molluscs, it is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, and in adult arthropods, the distribution of this neuropeptide is concentrated in the brain and the subesophagal ganglion, while in adult annelids, it is mainly expressed in the segmental ganglia (Evans and Calabrese ; Perry et al. ; Settembrini and Villar ; Ellis and Kempf ). Taken together, our work increases the morphological database concerning the larval neuroanatomy of Phoronida and contributes to a better understanding of the evolution of the lophotrochozoan nervous system.…”

Novel antennal lobe substructures revealed in the small hive beetle Aethina tumida

“…The LoP could be found so far only in Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera (Strausfeld, 2005), and Heteroptera (Settembrini and Villar, 2005). The AL consists of about 70 glomeruli, which seems to be a typical number for beetles; there are about 70 glomeruli in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Dreyer et al, 2010), about 60 glomeruli in scarab beetle Holotrichia diomphalia (Hu et al, 2011) and about 70 glomeruli in the cockchafer Melolontha hippocastani (third instar; Weissteiner et al, 2012).…”