FM spectroscopy detection of stimulated Raman gain

Levenson, M. D.; Moerner, W. E.; Horne, D. E.

doi:10.1364/ol.8.000108

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Two years later, a related phenomenon, stimulated Raman loss (or inverse Raman) was also discovered (59). Since then stimulated Raman spectroscopy has been performed on various physical and chemical systems (61-63). In particular, femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy has been developed to provide vibrational structural information with both high temporal and spectral information of chromophore systems such as primary photoisomerization and green fluorescent protein (64, 65).…”

Section: Nonlinear Dissipation Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Nonlinear Optical Imaging: Beyond Fluorescence Microscopy

Min

Freudiger

Lü

et al. 2011

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

523

453

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The quest for ultrahigh detection sensitivity with spectroscopic contrasts other than fluorescence has led to various novel approaches to optical microscopy of biological systems. Coherent nonlinear optical imaging, especially the recently developed nonlinear dissipation microscopy, including stimulated Raman scattering and two photon absorption, and pump-probe microscopy, including stimulated emission, excited state absorption and ground state depletion, provide distinct and powerful image contrasts for non-fluorescent species. Thanks to high-frequency modulation transfer scheme, they exhibit superb detection sensitivity. By directly interrogating vibrational and/or electronic energy levels of molecules, they offer high molecular specificity. Here we review the underlying principles, excitation and detection schemes, as well as exemplary biomedical applications of this emerging class of molecular imaging techniques.

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Section: Nonlinear Dissipation Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Nonlinear Optical Imaging: Beyond Fluorescence Microscopy

Min

Freudiger

Lü

et al. 2011

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

523

453

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“…The detection of stimulated Raman gain in molecular deuterium (D 2 ) gas by FM spectroscopy 19 is another early example of the use of double modulation. In these experiments, careful attention was paid to quantifying the absorption sensitivity and quantum limited sensitivity was demonstrated.…”

Section: ■ Double Modulation Fm Spectroscopy In Gases and Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Double Modulation Fm Spectroscopy In Gases and Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy and the Path to Single Molecule Detection

Bjorklund¹,

Whittaker

2021

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Advances in optical spectroscopy rely on improved detection techniques that reduce noise to fundamental detection limits. When properly applied, frequency modulation laser spectroscopy (FM spectroscopy or FMS) approaches the quantum limit for detection. Having demonstrated that double modulation FMS could achieve such sensitivity in absorption spectroscopy, researchers raced to the goal of measuring the absorption of an individual molecule. In 1989, Moerner and Kador performed the first optical detection and probing of single dopant molecules in solids, spawning the field of single-molecule spectroscopy. In this Perspective, we trace the development of FMS from its initial demonstration in 1979 to Moerner’s remarkable achievement with an emphasis on the double modulation methods needed to achieve high sensitivity measurement of very small absorptions.

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“…Traditionally, the modulation of light in FMS has been performed in free space EOMs (FS-EOMs) [1,2,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, these types of EOMs have a few drawbacks that limit their practical applicability; e.g., they require high voltages (often around kV), they have to be carefully aligned, they are bulky, and they are expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency modulation background signals from fiber-based electro optic modulators are caused by crosstalk

et al. 2012

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Frequency modulated spectroscopy (FMS) performed by the use of fiber-coupled electro optic modulators (FC-EOMs) is often plagued by background signals that bring in noise and, by their temperature dependence, cause severe drifts. These signals cannot be zeroed out by the conventional technique of using a carefully adjusted polarizer that can be applied to free space electro optic modulators (EOMs). This can limit the use of FC-EOMs in high performance detection techniques. Here we provide an explanation to these background signals that is based upon crosstalk between various polarization directions of light in the fixed mounted polarization-maintaining fibers and the electro optic crystal. The description provides a basis for the previously demonstrated technique that utilizes an EOM regulated simultaneously by temperature and DC voltage to eliminate background signals from systems encompassing FC-EOMs.

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FM spectroscopy detection of stimulated Raman gain

Abstract: We have used FM spectroscopy to detect the stimulated Raman gain effect in deuterium, demonstrating for the first reported time the quantum-noise-limited performance of this technique.

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Coherent Nonlinear Optical Imaging: Beyond Fluorescence Microscopy

Coherent Nonlinear Optical Imaging: Beyond Fluorescence Microscopy

High Sensitivity Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy and the Path to Single Molecule Detection

Frequency modulation background signals from fiber-based electro optic modulators are caused by crosstalk

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