Flying to the Clouds: The Evolution of the 5G Radio Access Networks

Gonçalves, Glauco Estácio; Santos, Guto Leoni; Ferreira, Leylane; Rocha, Élisson da Silva; Souza, Lubnnia M. F. de; Moreira, Andre; Kelner, Judith; Sadok, Djamel

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41110-7_3

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This architecture presented significant RF signal propagation loss in the electrical cable feed resulting in degraded signal transmission/reception power and quality. Therefore, telecommunication operators began to adopt a separated BBU and RRH architecture based on D-RAN or just RAN [6].…”

Section: Previous Radio Access Network (Rans) and 5g Open Ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RRH is responsible for digital radio signal processing by transmitting, receiving, and converting signals. Each BS connects to the core network through a backhaul [6]. C-RANs have emerged as a centralized solution, moving the BS functionalities to the cloud to optimize the resources and improve energy efficiency.…”

Section: Previous Radio Access Network (Rans) and 5g Open Ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principle behind C-RAN architecture is to relocate some of the cellular network functions to the cloud infrastructure. Network operators understand that the main cost of 5G is related to RAN and decided to invest in new types of open and low-cost architectures [6]. The traditional RANs have limitations, so to overcome them the RRH, and BBU functions decouple in C-RAN architectures where RRH is at the BS, the BBU in the cloud infrastructure, and we have a front-haul in between RRH and BBU.…”

Section: Previous Radio Access Network (Rans) and 5g Open Ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a traditional RAN architecture, the deployment and the commissioning of a new BS are expensive and time-consuming. But in C-RAN architecture, the infrastructure is easily deployed as only an RRH is installed and an associated BBU service deployed in the cloud [6]. However, C-RANs experience drawbacks such as primary user emulation attack, spectrum sensing data falsification, centralized signal processing in the cloud which can introduce the risk of higher latency, and these issues can be solved by H-CRAN and F-RAN [6].…”

Section: Previous Radio Access Network (Rans) and 5g Open Ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Tutorial on How to Practically Build and Deploy 5G Networks Using Open-Source Software and General-Purpose, Off-the-Shelf Hardware

Iqbal

Hamamreh

2021

RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies

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WISLAB (wislabi.com/solutions) offers solutions for building and deploying fully secure, cloud-based, and low-cost end-to-end 4G/5G networks along with providing consultations on helping companies reduce their networks CAPEX/OPEX cost and determine which solutions are best suited for their needs and use cases.ABSTRACT 5G technology is the cornerstone for new services like eMBB, uRLLC, and mMTC, thus it should be globally available and affordable to make these services a reality. Yet most vendors responsible for the manufacturing of 5G hardware equipment and software still utilize and adopt the classical closed radio access network (RAN) concept. Consequently, this forces mobile operators, who want to deploy such equipment to build 5G cellular networks, to pay a hefty, unreasonable amount of money and still end up in vendor lock-in, which limits them from making personal changes in the network architecture or using different equipment and software from other vendors. This generally means that operators do not have complete control over the network, which they have paid for. To tackle this challenge, a new concept called Open RAN has recently emerged, which has attracted significant attention by industry leaders due to its very exciting features like the ability to use open-source software, general-purpose hardware, having the hardware separated from the software while maintaining full transparency, and interoperability. Motivated by the many features and benefits enabled by Open RAN, there is a huge need for an educational comprehensive step-by-step tutorial on how an individual or company can practically build and deploy a 5G network using open-source software and commercial off-the-shelf, general-purpose hardware. In this tutorial, we discuss almost everything related to the history and background of 5G companies and manufacturers, legacy RAN solutions and equipment, different ways and approaches to build a 5G network including RAN, CORE, and EDGE frameworks, open-source software, and generic hardware. After this, we illustrate in detail the steps of how to build and set up a 5G network using srsRAN with LimeSDR, and Raspberry Pi 4. In the end, we list the best possible PCs and software-defined radio (SDR) combinations that can be extremely helpful in building 5G networks.

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Section: Previous Radio Access Network (Rans) and 5g Open Ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Radio Access Network (Rans) and 5g Open Ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Radio Access Network (Rans) and 5g Open Ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Radio Access Network (Rans) and 5g Open Ranmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Comprehensive Tutorial on How to Practically Build and Deploy 5G Networks Using Open-Source Software and General-Purpose, Off-the-Shelf Hardware

Iqbal

Hamamreh

2021

RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is one of 5G cell network solutions and an accessible architecture. By leveraging virtualization technology, C-RAN splits the conventional base stations into centralized BaseBand Unit (BBU) pool and multiple low power Remote Radio Heads (RRHs), which can offer high data rates with energy efficiency [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The RRH forwards user data to BBU pool via fronthaul links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%