Fly Control in Support of the Exotic Newcastle Disease Eradication Program in Southern California

Bram, Ralph A.; Wilson, Saul; Sardesai, J. B.

doi:10.1093/besa/20.3.228

“…Synanthropic ßies are thought to have contributed to the transmission and maintenance of ND in California in the 1970s, and ßy management was considered a factor in eradication (Bram et al 1974). The little house ßy, Fannia canicularis (L.), was incriminated in the transmission of ND in the California outbreak (Rogoff et al 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Newcastle Disease Virus

Watson

¹

,

Niño

²

,

Rochon

³

et al. 2007

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House flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), were examined for their ability to harbor and transmit Newcastle disease virus (family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus, NDV) by using a mesogenic NDV strain. Laboratory-reared flies were experimentally exposed to NDV (Roakin strain) by allowing flies to imbibe an inoculum consisting of chicken embryo-propagated virus. NDV was detected in dissected crops and intestinal tissues from exposed flies for up to 96 and 24 h postexposure, respectively; no virus was detected in crops and intestines of sham-exposed flies. The potential of the house fly to directly transmit NDV to live chickens was examined by placing 14-d-old chickens in contact with NDV-exposed house flies 2 h after flies consumed NDV inoculum. NDV-exposed house flies contained approximately 10(4) 50% infectious doses (ID50) per fly, but no transmission of NDV was observed in chickens placed in contact with exposed flies at densities as high as 25 flies per bird. Subsequent dose-response studies demonstrated that oral exposure, the most likely route for fly-to-chicken transmission, required an NDV (Roakin) dose > or =10(6) ID50. These results indicate that house flies are capable of harboring NDV (Roakin) but that they are poor vectors of the virus because they carry an insufficient virus titer to cause infection.

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“…Although this study has not shown ßies to be competent vectors of ENDV, a conservative approach would indicate that biosecurity measures should include ßy control on and near premises with ENDinfected poultry as also suggested by Bram et al (1974). Fly control measures would be especially important for a quarantined poultry facility (to include backyard ßocks) before removal of birds and their manure by a state and/or federal task force as part of the disease eradication effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Detection and Isolation of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus from Field-Collected Flies

Chakrabarti

¹

,

King

²

,

Afonso

³

et al. 2007

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Flies were collected by sweep net from the vicinity of two small groups of "backyard" poultry (10-20 chickens per group) that had been identified as infected with exotic Newcastle disease virus (family Paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus, ENDV) in Los Angeles County, CA, during the 2002-2003 END outbreak. Collected flies were subdivided into pools and homogenized in brain-heart infusion broth with antibiotics. The separated supernatant was tested for the presence of ENDV by inoculation into embryonated chicken eggs. Exotic Newcastle disease virus was isolated from pools of Phaenicia cuprina (Wiedemann), Fannia canicularis (L.), and Musca domestica L., and it was identified by hemagglutination inhibition with Newcastle disease virus antiserum. Viral concentration in positive pools was low (<1 egg infectious dose50 per fly). Isolated virus demonstrated identical monoclonal antibody binding profiles as well as 99% sequence homology in the 635-bp fusion gene sequence compared with ENDV recovered from infected commercial egg layer poultry during the 2002 outbreak.

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Experimental Evaluation of <I>Musca domestica</I> (Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Newcastle Disease Virus

Watson

¹

,

Niño

²

,

Rochon

³

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

House flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), were examined for their ability to harbor and transmit Newcastle disease virus (family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus, NDV) by using a mesogenic NDV strain. Laboratory-reared flies were experimentally exposed to NDV (Roakin strain) by allowing flies to imbibe an inoculum consisting of chicken embryo-propagated virus. NDV was detected in dissected crops and intestinal tissues from exposed flies for up to 96 and 24 h postexposure, respectively; no virus was detected in crops and intestines of sham-exposed flies. The potential of the house fly to directly transmit NDV to live chickens was examined by placing 14-d-old chickens in contact with NDV-exposed house flies 2 h after flies consumed NDV inoculum. NDV-exposed house flies contained approximately 10(4) 50% infectious doses (ID50) per fly, but no transmission of NDV was observed in chickens placed in contact with exposed flies at densities as high as 25 flies per bird. Subsequent dose-response studies demonstrated that oral exposure, the most likely route for fly-to-chicken transmission, required an NDV (Roakin) dose > or =10(6) ID50. These results indicate that house flies are capable of harboring NDV (Roakin) but that they are poor vectors of the virus because they carry an insufficient virus titer to cause infection.

show abstract

Fly Control in Support of the Exotic Newcastle Disease Eradication Program in Southern California

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Evaluation ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Newcastle Disease Virus

Experimental Evaluation ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Newcastle Disease Virus

Detection and Isolation of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus from Field-Collected Flies

Experimental Evaluation of <I>Musca domestica</I> (Diptera: Muscidae) as a Vector of Newcastle Disease Virus

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