Fly ash to solid base catalyst: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application

Katara, Stuti; Kabra, Sakshi; Goyal, Deepti; Hada, Renu; Sharma, Anita; Rani, Ashu

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.148

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…in various fields like pharmaceuticals, paints, cosmetics, organic reactions, fertilizers, etc. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. It has also been utilized as raw material in ceramic industry, strengthening agent in rubber industry, as laxative in toothpastes, flow conditioners in food industries, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Silica from Different Solid Wastes and Its Application as Catalyst Support for Vapour Phase Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbon

SHARMA,

Meena,

Parashar

et al. 2023

ajc

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In present study, the research work has been divided into two sections viz. Firstly, amorphous silica was extracted from different silica rich agricultural and industrial waste materials (fly ash, perlite and rice husk ash) via sol-gel method. The extracted silica (RHA-Si, Perlite-Si, FA-Si) was characterized using BET surface area, FESEM, EDS, XRD, NMR and FTIR techniques. The surface area and particle size of extracted silica was found to be 23.06-255.5 m2/g and 61-267 nm. Secondly, fly ash silica was used as catalyst support and modified desirably by loading different molybdenum weight percentages via acid impregnation method. The presence of MoO3 on the surface of extracted silica were confirmed by different characterization techniques. The kinetic studies of the FASi/Mo-15 catalyst for the vapour phase oxidation of benzene was also investigated by employing the Mars Van Krevelen model to analyze the reaction mechanism and rate of the process. The vapour phase oxidation reaction follows zero order kinetics, with faster benzene conversion occurring at lower intake concentrations and higher reaction temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Silica from Different Solid Wastes and Its Application as Catalyst Support for Vapour Phase Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbon

SHARMA,

Meena,

Parashar

et al. 2023

ajc

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“…Iron incorporated on silica was used as a catalyst for benzoylation of p ‐xylene at the solid–liquid interface, [ 26 ] nickel/fly ash catalyst was used for sorbitol conversion to glycols. [ 27 ] Previously our research group has synthesized effective solid catalysts based on coal‐generated solid waste, fly ash, [ 28–32 ] and perlite. [ 1 ] Since esterification is a very useful reaction with valuable industrial prospects but at mass scale it takes place via conventional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perlite Supported Cobalt Oxide Catalyst for a Series of Liquid‐Phase Esterification Reactions

Goyal

Saikia²,

Hada

et al. 2022

Macromolecular Symposia

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Thermally activated perlite-supported cobalt oxide (Co-TAP) catalyst has been synthesized via the deposition-precipitation method. FTIR peaks at around 663 and 565 cm -1 and XRD peaks arise from diffraction of FCC planes of CoO crystals confirm the presence of Co 3 O 4 crystallites on Co-TAP surface. UV-Vis DRS studies reveal the presence of octahedrally coordinated Co 3+ and tetrahedrally coordinated Co 2+ ions. EDX analysis of Co-TAP clearly shows the enhanced percentage of silica and cobalt oxide. All characterization studies suggest the presence of Lewis acidic sites on Co-TAP which have been utilized in a series of liquid-phase esterification reactions of benzoic acid with various alcohols over three different reaction media (conventional, microwave, and sonication). The reactions are carried out in one-pot, single-step, solvent-free reaction conditions, and the catalyst is filtered easily, regenerated, and reused up to five reaction cycles with analogous efficiency suggesting that acidic sites of the catalyst remain stable in all reaction mediums. The stability of regenerated Co-TAP catalyst after the fifth reaction cycle is confirmed by FTIR spectrum which resembles the FTIR of fresh catalyst.

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“…Heterogeneous catalysts such as phosphosulfonic acid, nano sulfated zirconia, and boric acid [2][3][4] are being utilized as a replacement of homogeneous acids in industrially important reactions. As a lucrative alternative to classical solid catalysts, the use of economical solid catalysts like activated fly ash precipitated silica catalyst, sulfated zirconia/fly ash, cerium triflate/fly ash, scandium triflate/fly ash, phosphomolybdic acid/fly ash, fly ash solid base catalyst [5][6][7][8][9][10], and other waste-derived catalysts [11][12][13][14][15] is gaining interest nowadays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turkish perlite supported nickel oxide as the heterogeneous acid catalyst for a series of Claisen–Schmidt condensation reactions

Malpani¹,

Goyal

Katara

et al. 2021

Turk J Chem

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Potentially active and eco-friendly solid acid catalysts have been synthesized by loading different weight percentages (10, 15, and 50) of nickel oxide on thermally activated Turkish perlite through the deposition-precipitation method. Structural features of prepared catalysts were analyzed using BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, SEM, SEM-EDX, TEM, FT-IR, pyridine adsorbed FT-IR, UV-Vis DRS, and TGA techniques. Pyridine adsorbed FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of the optimum amount of Bronsted acidic sites in a catalyst having 15 wt. % loading of nickel oxide which was tested for catalyzing a series of Claisen-Schmidt condensation of cyclohexanone and aromatic aldehydes to produce good isolated yield (90-93%) of 2,6bis(substituted benzylidene)cyclohexanones, significantly used in anti-tumor and cytotoxic activities. The high catalytic efficiency of the chosen catalyst remains almost 2 intact up to six reaction cycles. On higher wt. % loading of nickel oxide, crystallite size increases along with agglomeration of larger nickel oxide particles on catalyst surface resulting in pore blockage and poor catalytic activity. Loading of NiO on the surface of thermally activated Turkish perlite was confirmed by SEM-EDX analysis and TEM observations show that the particle size of the preferred catalyst was less than 50 nm.Based on results drawn from XRD, FT-IR, pyridine adsorbed FT-IR, UV-Vis DRS studies, model structures were proposed for Turkish perlite and all prepared catalysts.During this work, the catalytic potential of the preferred catalyst was compared with other previously reported catalysts and it showed appreciable results. The formed products were further confirmed by their melting point and 1 H-NMR analysis.

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Fly ash to solid base catalyst: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Extraction of Silica from Different Solid Wastes and Its Application as Catalyst Support for Vapour Phase Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Extraction of Silica from Different Solid Wastes and Its Application as Catalyst Support for Vapour Phase Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Perlite Supported Cobalt Oxide Catalyst for a Series of Liquid‐Phase Esterification Reactions

Turkish perlite supported nickel oxide as the heterogeneous acid catalyst for a series of Claisen–Schmidt condensation reactions

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