Fluxes of Sedimentary Material in the Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea: Seasonal Dynamics and the Role of Zooplankton

Drits, A. V.; Klyuvitkin, А. А.; Кравчишина, М. Д.; Karmanov, V. A.; Novigatsky, А. N.

doi:10.1134/s0001437020040074

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Even though the inorganic carbon flux estimates come from those abundances, pteropods contribute significantly more (56.7-98.4%) to the total inorganic carbon export production than the planktic foraminifera (1.6-43.4%) (Table 9). The high contribution of pteropods agrees with a previous study reporting that pteropods represents between 60 and 100% of the vertical productivity of calcium carbonate in autumn in the Lofoten Basin in the Norwegian Sea (Drits et al, 2020), and between 55 and 83% in the northern Scotia Sea (Manno et al, 2018). The highest inorganic carbon export production (slope stations 3 and 6 and shelf station 2) are the stations where pteropods contribute the most (91-98%), whereas the lowest (shelf station 1 and slope station 4), they contribute 56-72% (Table 9).…”

Section: Biogenic Carbonate Standing Stocks and Export Productionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Planktic Foraminiferal and Pteropod Contributions to Carbon Dynamics in the Arctic Ocean (North Svalbard Margin)

et al. 2021

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Planktic foraminifera and shelled pteropods are some of the major producers of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the ocean. Their calcitic (foraminifera) and aragonitic (pteropods) shells are particularly sensitive to changes in the carbonate chemistry and play an important role for the inorganic and organic carbon pump of the ocean. Here, we have studied the abundance distribution of planktic foraminifera and pteropods (individuals m–3) and their contribution to the inorganic and organic carbon standing stocks (μg m–3) and export production (mg m–2 day–1) along a longitudinal transect north of Svalbard at 81° N, 22–32° E, in the Arctic Ocean. This transect, sampled in September 2018 consists of seven stations covering different oceanographic regimes, from the shelf to the slope and into the deep Nansen Basin. The sea surface temperature ranged between 1 and 5°C in the upper 300 m. Conditions were supersaturated with respect to CaCO3 (Ω > 1 for both calcite and aragonite). The abundance of planktic foraminifera ranged from 2.3 to 52.6 ind m–3 and pteropods from 0.1 to 21.3 ind m–3. The planktic foraminiferal population was composed mainly of the polar species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (55.9%) and the subpolar species Turborotalita quinqueloba (21.7%), Neogloboquadrina incompta (13.5%) and Globigerina bulloides (5.2%). The pteropod population was dominated by the polar species Limacina helicina (99.6%). The rather high abundance of subpolar foraminiferal species is likely connected to the West Spitsbergen Current bringing warm Atlantic water to the study area. Pteropods dominated at the surface and subsurface. Below 100 m water depth, foraminifera predominated. Pteropods contribute 66–96% to the inorganic carbon standing stocks compared to 4–34% by the planktic foraminifera. The inorganic export production of planktic foraminifera and pteropods together exceeds their organic contribution by a factor of 3. The overall predominance of pteropods over foraminifera in this high Arctic region during the sampling period suggest that inorganic standing stocks and export production of biogenic carbonate would be reduced under the effects of ocean acidification.

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Section: Biogenic Carbonate Standing Stocks and Export Productionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Planktic Foraminiferal and Pteropod Contributions to Carbon Dynamics in the Arctic Ocean (North Svalbard Margin)

et al. 2021

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“…This allows study of the dynamics of sedimentation processes, analysis of the transformation of sinking material during migration through the water column, and evaluation of the amount and composition of the matter accumulated at the bottom. Studying the annual particle flux and composition is of particular importance, as it provides information about the seasonal variability of sedimentation processes and seasonal dynamics of the structure and functioning of the epipelagic ecosystems [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom and Dinocyst Production, Composition and Flux from the Annual Cycle Sediment Trap Study in the Barents Sea

et al. 2022

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This paper presents the diatom and palynomorph data from a sediment trap deployed in the northern part of the East Barents Sea for an annual cycle from August 2017 to August 2018. The average monthly fluxes of diatoms and dinoflagellate cysts in the photic layer of the northeastern part of the Barents Sea varies from 10.4 × 103 to 640.8 × 103 valves m−2 day−1 and from 0.3 × 103 to 90.0 × 103 cysts m−2 day−1, respectively. Their fluxes are related to the low irradiance of the photic layer during the sea-ice cover period, dominance of southward currents, modern climate, and nepheloid layer conditions. Based on redundancy analysis of the relationship between the fluxes of diatoms and dinoflagellate cysts and organic carbon fluxes, sea-ice covers, and the seasonal cycle of light availability we determined the following. First, sea-ice-associated diatoms and dinocysts are exported to the sediment trap from the melting sea ice with a two-week delay. Second, the appearance of freshwater diatoms and green algae in the sinking material accumulating from March 2018 to July 2018 is also related to the melting of sea ice. And third, the presence of Coscinodiscus radiatus, C. perforatus, Shionodiscus oestrupii and Operculodinium centrocarpum in the diatoms and dinocysts species composition throughout the year indicates the advection of Atlantic waters into the Barents Sea up to 80° N.

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“…Similarly, in the Sargasso Sea, fecal pellet numerical flux, mass flux, and average size at 1,500 m was twice of that measured at 500 m (Shatova et al., 2012). While in the Norwegian Sea, the increase of FPC flux extended to ∼3.2 folds from 500 m (0.35 mg C m −2 d −1 ) to 2,950 m (1.11 mg C m −2 d −1 , Drits et al., 2020). Besides, there are also some small increases, like in the eastern Fram Strait, FPC flux was averaging 0.56 mg C m −2 d −1 at 1,296 m and 0.74 mg C m −2 d −1 at 2,430 m (Lalande et al., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These phenomenons all indicate that there must be extra sources of fecal pellets, which are able to pass through the lower mesopelagic zone and be collected in the bathypelagic zone. Such potential sources of fecal pellets include deep‐dwelling zooplankton communities, as well as advection or resuspension of particles in the benthic boundary layer (Drits et al., 2020; Pilskaln & Honjo, 1987). In the SCS, the lateral advection of deep currents and resuspension in the benthic boundary layer can indeed cause enhanced POC fluxes in the deep waters (Shih et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These regions are proved to have higher primary productivity and zooplankton biomass, where fecal pellets play a significant role in determining the level of carbon flux (Le Moigne, 2019). Sometimes they can even account for more than 90% of the overall POC flux, which makes fecal pellets a more important component of the deep‐sea carbon export (Drits et al., 2020; González et al., 2004; Manno et al., 2015; Stukel et al., 2013). While comparing mooring TJ‐T with other studies in the oligotrophic seas, the FPC flux and average contribution of FPC flux to POC flux were similarly lower (<10%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zooplankton Fecal Pellet Characteristics and Contribution to the Deep‐Sea Carbon Export in the Southern South China Sea

et al. 2022

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Ocean plays a significant role in the regulation of atmospheric CO 2 level and global carbon sequestration as the largest carbon pool in the Earth's surface system (DeVries et al., 2017). The marine biological pump (MBP) is a major process that draws down carbon from the atmosphere into the surface layers and exports to the deep sea (Honjo et al., 2008;Longhurst & Harrison, 1989;Turner, 2002Turner, , 2015, by which organic carbon can be sequestered for millennia or longer (Volk & Hoffert, 1985). It is estimated that the MPB annually removes >10 billion tons of carbon from the ocean's surface (Buesseler & Boyd, 2009), and the most prominent export process is via passive sinking of particulate organic matter (POM), which mainly includes phytoplankton cells, phytodetritus, zooplankton moults, zooplankton carcasses, fecal pellets, and large organic aggregates, usually known as "marine snow" (Fowler & Knauer, 1986;D. C. Smith et al., 1992;Turner & Ferrante, 1979). As a ubiquitous component of POM, zooplankton fecal pellets are the particulate excreta produced by zooplankton after ingesting phytoplankton or other materials (Steinberg & Landry, 2017). Due to their high density and fast sinking speed, zooplankton fecal pellets can significantly contribute to the vertical flux, which provides an efficient vehicle for

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Fluxes of Sedimentary Material in the Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea: Seasonal Dynamics and the Role of Zooplankton

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Planktic Foraminiferal and Pteropod Contributions to Carbon Dynamics in the Arctic Ocean (North Svalbard Margin)

Planktic Foraminiferal and Pteropod Contributions to Carbon Dynamics in the Arctic Ocean (North Svalbard Margin)

Diatom and Dinocyst Production, Composition and Flux from the Annual Cycle Sediment Trap Study in the Barents Sea

Zooplankton Fecal Pellet Characteristics and Contribution to the Deep‐Sea Carbon Export in the Southern South China Sea

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