Fluxes of nitric and nitrous oxides from agricultural soils in a cool temperate climate

Skiba, U.; Hargreaves, K. J.; Fowler, D.; Smith, K. A.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90100-y

Cited by 147 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…NO fluxes increased exponentially with soil temperature at any given soil moisture (see Figure S2, Supporting Information). Similar results have also been observed in other studies (24,(43)(44)(45). This is due to that the dominance of soil microbial processes in the production of NO anticipates a marked influence of soil temperature on NO emission rates.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Biogenic Nitric Oxide Emission of Mountain Soils Sampled from Different Vertical Landscape Zones in the Changbai Mountains, Northeastern China

Meixner

Sun

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an important component in nitrogen biogeochemical cycling produced through biological processes of nitrification and denitrification in soils, but the production and the consumption processes of NO in temperate mountain soil are less understood. Through laboratory experiments focusing on NO biogenic emissions from six kinds of mountain soils sampled from different vertical landscape zones, that is, coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest (CBF), fir forest (FF), spruce forest (SF), Erman’s birch forest (EBF), alpine tundra (AT), and volcanic ash (VA), in the Changbai Mountains, northeastern China, we found that the optimum water-filled pore space (WFPS) for NO production varies between 22.5% and 35% for a range of mountain soils. The optimum soil moisture for the maximum NO emission for a certain soil type, however, was constant and independent of soil temperature. The NO emission potential for forest soils was about 7−50-fold higher than tundra soil and volcanic ash, indicating that it is strongly influenced by nutrient contents in soils. On the basis of laboratory results and field monitoring data, the average NO fluxes from these mountain soils were estimated to be 0.14−29.56 ng N m−2 s−1 for an entire plant growth period. NO emissions mainly occur in wet season for CBF and FF, but in dry season for other soil types.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Biogenic Nitric Oxide Emission of Mountain Soils Sampled from Different Vertical Landscape Zones in the Changbai Mountains, Northeastern China

Meixner

Sun

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The literature supports the observations that NO increased linearly with increased soil temperature, but decreased with increasing soil moisture content once the optimum moisture content has been passed (Kitzler et al, 2005;Davidson et al, 2000;van Dijk and Duyzer, 1999;Skiba et al, 1997). The much larger activation energy calculated for the relationship between soil temperature and NO flux at site C, suggests that conditions were less optimal for NO to be produced and emitted compared to the closer sites receiving larger rates of N deposition (Skiba et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from a poultry farm and soil NO and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from a downwind forest

et al. 2006

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Abstract.Intensive livestock farms emit large concentrations of NH 3 , most of which is deposited very close to the source. The presence of trees enhances the deposition. Rates to downwind forests can exceed 40 kg N ha −1 y −1 . The steep gradient in large NH 3 concentrations of 34.3±20.4, 47.6±24.9, 21.7±16.8 µg NH 3 m 3 at the edge of a forest 15, 30 and 45 m downwind of the farm to near background concentrations within 270 m downwind (1.15±0.7 µg NH 3 m 3 ) provides an ideal site to study the effect of different rates of atmospheric NH 3 concentrations and inferred deposition on biological and chemical processes under similar environmental conditions. We have investigated the effect of different NH 3 concentrations and implied deposition rates on the flux of NO and N 2 O from soil in a mixed woodland downwind of a large poultry farm (160 000 birds) in Scotland, which has been operating for about 40 years. Measurements were carried out for a 6 month period, with hourly NO flux measurements, daily N 2 O fluxes close to the farm and monthly at all sites, and monthly cumulative wet and dry N deposition. The increased NH 3 and NH woodland downwind of the farm, extrapolation to the entire British poultry flock suggests that these NH 3 emissions contribute to less than 0.5% and 0.02%, respectively of the total annual UK NO x and N 2 O emissions.

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“…Emissions of NO from soils might make an important contribution to NO x levels in remote areas (Skiba et al, 1992;Simpson et al, 1990;Stocker et al, 1993;Williams and Fehsenfeld, 1991). Based upon the work of Pierce and Novak (1991), the correction factor of NO is dependent upon the soil temperature, and the following formula is used to estimate the correction factor for NO biogenic flux:…”

Section: Nitrogenmonoxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic emissions of isoprenoids and NO in China and comparison to anthropogenic emissions

Tie

Ying

et al. 2006

Science of The Total Environment

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In this study, a regional dynamical model (WRF) is used to drive biogenic emission models to calculate high resolution (10 × 10 km) biogenic emissions of isoprene (C 5 H 8 ), monoterpenes (C 10 H 16 ), and nitric oxide (NO) in China. This high resolution biogenic inventory will be available for the community to study the effect of biogenic emissions on photochemical oxidants in China. The biogenic emissions are compared to anthropogenic emissions to gain insight on the potential impact of the biogenic emissions on tropospheric chemistry, especially ozone production in this region. The results show that the biogenic emissions in China exhibit strongly diurnal, seasonal, and spatial variations. The isoprenoid (including both isoprene and monoterpenes) emissions are closely correlated to tree density and strongly vary with season and local time. During winter (January), the biogenic isoprenoid emissions are the lowest, resulting from lower temperature and solar radiation, and highest in summer (July) due to higher temperature and solar radiation. The biogenic NO emissions are also higher during summer and lower during winter, but the magnitude of the seasonal variation is smaller than the emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes. The biogenic emissions of NO are widely spread out in the northern, eastern, and southern China regions, where high-density agricultural soil lands are located. Both biogenic NO and isoprenoid emissions are very small in western China. The calculated total biogenic emission budget is smaller than the total anthropogenic VOC emission budget in China. The biogenic isoprenoid and anthropogenic VOC emissions are 10.9 and 15.1 Tg year − 1 , respectively. The total biogenic and anthropogenic emissions of NO are 5.9 and 11.5 Tg(NO) year − 1 , respectively. The study shows that in central eastern China, the estimated biogenic emissions of isoprenoids are very small, and the anthropogenic emissions of VOCs are dominant in this region. However, in northeastern and southern China, there are relatively large biogenic emissions of isoprenoids, leading to an important impact on the ozone production in these regions. Furthermore, the emissions of isoprenoids are highest during summer and noontime, which correlates to the peak of ozone production period. For example, the ratio between summer and winter for the emissions of isoprenoids is about 15 in China. As a result, the biogenic emissions of isoprenoids are significantly larger than the anthropogenic emissions of VOCs in China during daytime in summer. Biogenic NO emissions are mostly produced by agricultural soils which co-exist with large populations and human activity. As a result, the biogenic emissions of NO are mostly overlapped with the anthropogenic emissions of NO, leading to the enhancement in NO concentrations in the high anthropogenic NO emission regions. Finally, the future emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes over China are estimated. The results show that the future biogenic emissions may increase significantly due to land cover ...

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Fluxes of nitric and nitrous oxides from agricultural soils in a cool temperate climate

Cited by 147 publications

References 27 publications

Biogenic Nitric Oxide Emission of Mountain Soils Sampled from Different Vertical Landscape Zones in the Changbai Mountains, Northeastern China

Biogenic Nitric Oxide Emission of Mountain Soils Sampled from Different Vertical Landscape Zones in the Changbai Mountains, Northeastern China

The relationship between NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from a poultry farm and soil NO and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from a downwind forest

Biogenic emissions of isoprenoids and NO in China and comparison to anthropogenic emissions

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Fluxes of nitric and nitrous oxides from agricultural soils in a cool temperate climate

Cited by 147 publications

References 27 publications

Biogenic Nitric Oxide Emission of Mountain Soils Sampled from Different Vertical Landscape Zones in the Changbai Mountains, Northeastern China

Biogenic Nitric Oxide Emission of Mountain Soils Sampled from Different Vertical Landscape Zones in the Changbai Mountains, Northeastern China

The relationship between NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from a poultry farm and soil NO and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes from a downwind forest

Biogenic emissions of isoprenoids and NO in China and comparison to anthropogenic emissions

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The relationship between NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from a poultry farm and soil NO and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from a downwind forest