“…In the central areas and surroundings, the highest heat flux values of the Larderello geothermal area have been measured, reaching up to ∼1,000 mW m − 2 (Della Vedova et al, 2001), with soil temperatures reaching up to ∼98°C in correspondence with geothermal emergencies (Cabassi et al, 2021;Taussi et al, 2022). These conditions mainly occur along an NNE-striking fault zone, at least 5 km long, that runs from Monterotondo Marittimo to Sasso Pisano Granieri et al, 2023;Hooker et al, 1985;Leila et al, 2021;Minissale et al, 1997;Panichi & Tongiorgi, 1975;Tassi et al, 2012;Venturi et al, 2019) and geothermal wells (Gherardi et al, 2005;Magro et al, 2003); (c) dot-map of the Rc/Ra values measured in natural emissions (data from Hooker et al, 1985;Minissale et al, 1997;Magro et al, 2003) and geothermal wells (Gherardi et al, 2005;Hooker et al, 1985;Magro et al, 2003); (d) distribution of degassing rates computed in this work for central and peripheral areas.…”