“…At the same time, the FRTP-based formation method has been significantly improved (Slough et al, 1989;Hoffman et al, 1993;Pietrzyk et al, 1987;Pierce et al, 1995;Guo et al, 2004Asai et al, 2000;Binderbauer et al, 2010;Guo, et al, 2011). Recently initiated new formation methods include (1) counter-helicity spheromakmerging (CHSM) (Yamada et al, 1990;Ono et al, 1993;Gerhardt et al 2008), (2) rotating magnetic field (RMF) (Slough & Miller, 2000;Knight & Jones, 1990;A. Hoffman et al, 2002;Guo et al, 2007), (3) field-reversed mirror configuration (FRM) driven by neutral beam injection (NBI) (Logan et al, 1976), relativistic electron beam (REB) (Davis, 1976), and intense light ion beam (ILIB) injections (Greenly et al, 1986;Schamiloglu et.…”